Design and construction of equipment for halogenation

With nonaqueous media, apparatus constructed of iron and lined with plastics, such as Teflon, Kel-F, Saran, polyvinyl chloride, polyesters, epoxy resins, or with stoneware, enamel, porcelain, glass, lead, nickel, Inconel, stainless steel, Hastelloy, Duriron, glazed tile, carbon brick, Karbate, titanium, tantalum, and zirconium can be used for the whole plant or specific apparatus. 

In aqueous media where hydrochloric and hypochlorous acid and halogens are present in either vapor or liquid phase, the utility of the above materials of construction is severely lin ited and can best be determined by rates of corrosion study during pilot laboratory operation. Tantalum, zirconium, and titanium are usually resistant but expensive. The plastics are of variable resistance and are severely limited by temperature and solvent attack. Stoneware, Karbate, glass, glazed tile, carbon brick, and enameled steel all have utility within rigid limits. The other metals and alloys are usually questionable but may be desirable for replaceable piarts i 

Bubject to wear on pumps, agitators, etc. In dilute solutions, wood is aatisfactory where conditions allow it to swell and seal pores, cracks, etc. Care must be taken that hoops, tie rods, etc., are coated with an inert material such as tar, pitch, silicates, epoxy and polyester resins, polyvinyl chloride, etc. For hydrochloric acid, rubber-lined steel is excellent at low 

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