Design advantages gained

The best known use of the hairpin is its operation in true counter-current flow which yields the most efficient design for processes that have a close temperature approach or temperature cross. However, maintaining countercurrent flow in a tubular heat exchanger usually implies one tube pass for each shell pass. As recently as 30 years ago, the lack of inexpensive, multiple-tube pass capability often diluted me advantages gained from countercurrent flow. 

The dialogue about the choice of methods and means of attack engages commanders on subjects about which they are most comfortable and knowledgeable. It is military commanders who identify and assess a chosen form of attack as to whether it leads to the desired outcome designed to gain a military advantage while limiting collateral effects. However, when there is more than one available... 

These advantages gained in 160 reactor years of KLT-40C operation are derived from an advanced core design requiring uranium fuel with enrichment more than 20% U235 (HEU), and/or plutonium fuel. Some efforts, however, to reduce the enrichment to less than 20% (LEU) are being exercised, which would result an entirely new core. 

In the 80s of the past century, the term concurrent engineering(CE) was coined to indicate a way of working in product development and design to meet consumer demands in shorter time, with fewer errors, and lower costs. CE was meant to improve industry s competitiveness especially in the West to catch up with the advantage gained by Japanese companies like Toyota. 

The practical advantages gained from the use of steady-state models in design, optimization, and operation of catalytic reactors are tremendous. It is estimated that about 80—85% of the success of the process depends on the steady-state design and the remaining 15—20% depends on the successful dynamic control of the optimum steady state. These estimates are, of course, made for a process operating smoothly with conventional control which is not model based. However, in certain cases, inefficient dynamic control may cause temperature runaway or a complete shutdown of the process. 

In designing multiple impeller configurations, an advantage may be gained by using a self-induction impeller located near the free surface of the dispersion, and thus recycling unreacted gas from the vapor space (P3). 

---