Desert surface, damage

There is extensive evidence that damage to the desert surface and exposure of huge amounts of excavated materials that resulted from the ground fortifications has caused a dramatic increase in the amount of sand mobilized in Kuwait. This evidence is well documented in the scientific literature [1, 5-7,11]. 

To assess the damage to the desert surface that resulted from the construction of military fortifications, the area was subdivided into the following sections (Fig. 6) ... 

Kuwait Oil Company (1993) Physical damage to the desert surface. Kuwait Oil Company. Qaim No. 3, Consultant s Report, Kuwait... 

As discussed in Chapter 10, Section 10.4, damage to the geosphere s top layer of soil can lead to erosion and desertification. One characteristic of desert formation is the loss of vegetation from the soil surface. Therefore, measures to prevent desert formation or to reverse it add to the population of organisms supported on land surfaces. 

Aluminum alloys, the primary metals used in industry, owe their excellent corrosion resistance to a barrier oxide film (20-200 nm) that is bonded strongly to their surfaces. Even if these alloys are damaged, the oxide film quickly reforms in most situations. However, due to the wide variety of environments under which aircraft must operate, urban industrial pollutants, high humidity, hot deserts and marine locations may all combine to accelerate corrosion and jeopardize the structural integrity of aircraft parts. To address this problem, routine inspection... 

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