Dermally induced respiratory hypersensitivity

Sensitization of the respiratory tract may result from dermal contact with a sensitizing chemical.I29-31 Several studies have made this association for chromate,I32l latex,I33l the herbicide 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazolemj34 and trimellitic anhydride, which is a respiratory sensitizer when inhaled. I35 36  

The reverse phenomenon has also been demonstrated. Isolated airway exposure to toluene diisocyanate, a powerful respiratory sensitizer, has been demonstrated to cause skin sensitization. I37l These crossovers are believed to be due to the observation that both dermal and respiratory sensitization result in increased serum IgE antibody levels J3133 and point out the dangers associated with exposures to sensitizing chemicals. 

Alkali burns are, accordingly, also referred to as progressive burns. It should be noted that hydrofluoric acid is unique among acids, in that it, like alkalis, produces a liquefaction necrosis, making it perhaps the most dangerous acid for skin contact. 

Most chemical burns are caused by acid or base contact. 

Drain cleaners containing hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. 

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Cobalt is an essential element. Its deficiency can result in pernicious anemia. It is present in vitamin B12. Excessive intake of this element may result in polycythemia or overproduction of erythrocytes and heart lesions. Exposure to its dusts can produce cough and respiratory irritation. Chronic inhalation of its dusts or fumes can decrease pulmonary functions and may cause diffuse nodular fibrosis and other pulmonary diseases. Skin contact may induce dermal hypersensitivity reactions, producing an allergy-type dermatitis. 

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