Density nuclear medicine

Gamma (y) Sodium iodide doped with thallium iodide are used pSlal(Tl)] thallium, which is present at 0.1-0.4% of sodium emits 420 nm scintillations. This phosphor is very efficient in absorbing y-radiation because of high atomic number of iodine and high density of sodium iodide. Sodium iodide is hermetically sealed. It is normally used in well counters. A typical well counter used in laboratory and that used in cameras in nuclear medicine are show in Figs. 3 and 4. 

Yang, W., Zhang, Y., Fu, Z., Sun, X., Mu, D., Yu, J. Imaging prohferation of (1)(8)F-FLT PET/CT correlated with the expression of micro vessel density of tumour tissue in non-small-cell lung cancer. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 39(8), 1289-1296 (2012)... 

The main fields of application of heavy ions are synthesis of new elements (superheavy elements), production of nuclides far away from the line of ji stability (exotic nuclides), investigation of nuclear matter at high densities, production of small holes of certain diameters in thin foils and irradiation of tumours in medicine. 

Several actinide nuclides have found other applications. Heat sources made from kilogram amounts of Pu have been used to drive thermoelectric power units in space vehicles. In medicine, Pu was applied as a long-lived compact power unit to provide energy for cardiac pacemakers and artificial organs. Am has been used in neutron sources of various sizes on the basis of the (a,n) reaction on beryllium. The monoenergetic 59-keV y radiation of Am is used in a multitude of density and thickness determinations and in ionization smoke detectors. Cf decays by both a emission and spontaneous fission. One gram of Cf emits 2.4 10 neutrons per second. "Cf thus provides an intense and compact neutron source. Neutron sources based on Cf are applied in nuclear reactor start-up operations and in neutron activation analysis. 

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