Density fluid catalytic cracking

Recent literature shows a growing trend to include free alumina in the formulation of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) products. Over the last dozen years, FCC catalysts containing free alumina have been cited in the open and patent literature for benefits including (1) enhanced catalyst reactivity and selectivity (1-3). (2) more robust operation in the presence of metals in the petroleum feedstock (4-7). (3) improved attrition resistance (8.9). (4) improved hydrothermal stability against steam deactivation during regeneration (2.8). (5) increased pore volume and decreased bulk density (8), and (6) reduction of SOx emissions (10). 

Group A Solid particles having a small mean particle size or low partiele density (< 1500kgm ). Typical examples of this class are catalysts used for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. These solids fluidize easily, with smooth fluidization at low gas velocity and bubbling/turbulent fluidization at higher velocity. 

Example 9.1. Three students measured the mass of three powders—sand, fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (FCC), and Cas (P04)2—10 times successively in a Scott Volumeter. The data is summarized in Table E9.1. Calculate the Scott density, uncertainty, and repeatability. The volume and uncertainty of the cylinder is 25.00 0.03 cm. ... 

Example 9.7. Approximately 40% of the oil produced in the world is cracked catalytically to smaller molecules with zeolite catalysts—known as FCC (fluid catalytic cracking). The catalyst has an average diameter around 70 p,m and it becomes coarser with time as the fine fraction of the powder is lost in the cyclones. For a FCC unit containing 2001 of catalyst, what is the smallest sample size required to achieve a sampling error less than 5% if the coarsest size range is from 177 ttm to 210 tim. The particle density of FCC is 1200 kg m . ... 

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