Bubbling-to-turbulent

TURBULENT FLUIDIZATION AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS, 169 Regime Transition From Bubbling to Turbulent Bed, 169 Characteristics of Turbulent Bed, 172... 

Wang J, Tan L, van der Hoef MA, van Sint Annaland M, Kuipers JAM From bubbling to turbulent fluidization advanced onset of regime transition in micro-fluidized beds, Chem Eng Sd 66 2001-2007, 2011. 

Cai P, Chen SP, Jin Y, Yu ZQ, Wang ZW. Effect of operating temperature and pressure on the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization. AIChE Symp Series 85(270) 37-43, 1989. 

The main interest here has been their effect on solids carryover and heat transfer (see below). Some work on transition velocities between flow regimes has been reported, however. Thus Cai et al. (1989) studied the effect of operating temperature (50 to 500°C) and pressure (0.1 to 0.8 MPa) on the transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization of eight powders in Groups A and B of the Geldart classification fluidized in a column 150 mm in diameter and 3.8 m in height. 

Tsukada M, Nakanishi D, Horio M. The effect of pressure on phase transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization. Int J Multiphase Flow 19 27-34, 1993. 

Figure 22 Effect of internals on the transition from bubbling to turbulent regime, (a) Free bed, (b) bed with vertical tubes, (c) bed with pagoda-shaped bodies.

Figure 7.2 Schematic representation of FBMRs for hydrogen production (a) bubbling fluidization regime (b) turbulent fluidization regime (c) fast fluidization regime. U = superficial gas velocity [7 = minimum bubbling velocity U =velocity of transition from bubbling to turbulent fluidization regime U =velocity of transition from turbulent to fast fluidization regime/significant entrainment ROG = reactor off-gas V=reactor volume. Reproduced from [6]. With permission from Elsevier.

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