Densely populated regions

The quality of fresh water resources in the world (river, ground or lake water) is relevant for all life on Earth. It should be noted that only 20 % of the world s population has access to good quality drinking water. The water quahty of natural water sources for hfe is affected by their origin (e.g., mountain aquifers may be contaminated in densely populated regions with industrial and agricultural activities). These numerous sources of pollution have the potential to contaminate the aquifer. 

Content of nitrates in river water (t/km3) Arid regions Densely populated regions Temperate climate forests 1.45 25 0.4... 

Cities and other densely populated regions have problems in getting rid of municipal waste. With the increase in oil prices a special interest for building incineration plants in order to exploit the waste material as a source of energy arose. But with present combustion techniques, great amounts of polluting material escape through the chimneys. 

Thus, BNZ-doped polystyrene appears to possess two structural features which influence the characteristics of the delayed luminescence. One of these involves clusters of BNZ molecules consisting of relatively densely populated regions along with others which are much less densely populated. The other consists of molecular pairs which are capable of trapping excitons by virtue of kinetic barriers as opposed to energetic ones. Although it might seem that features of this sort would be common to all molecularly doped polymers, a search for them in N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) doped polystyrene revealed no indication of their presence. In particular, there was found to be no time dependence of the delayed luminescence polarization on the millisecond time scale(8). With NEC, however, one does find a dependence of the delayed luminescence polarization on dopant concentration. That is, the polarization decreases monotonically as the concentration increases. 

Fig. 10.13. The position of the acceptor O atom in O - H. .. O hydrogen bonds relative to the O - H bond, projected onto the O - H. .. O plane. The circles correspond to observed positions. The curved line passing through the densely populated regions indicates the positions predicted by the Bond Valence Model [50]. The acceptor atoms shown near 100° are those found in the weak bonds in perchloric acid hydrates...

Fogs can be created in heavily polluted, densely populated regions. Fogs were associated with one of the more severe air pollution episodes, the 1952 London killer fog, during which approximately 4000 excess deaths were recorded. The fog was accompanied by very low inversion heights (as low as 50 m), very low visibility, and extremely high S02 and particulate concentration levels. The actual species that were responsible for the excess deaths have not been identified. 

Plastic debris is widespread throughout the world. It has, for example, become a common feature of beaches and coastal waters close to densely populated regions of the world, such as Europe and North America and it is widespread along major rivers in industrialised nations (for example, see Figure 10.1). More worrying still, it is an increasing problem in the open sea far... 

I think that we would do the allied war command an injustice, if we accuse them of such a barbarous decision, from the viewpoint of a present-day man. Indeed, it was necessary to annihilate the chemical weapons as soon as possible, lest anybody felt a wish to use them. At that time, however, methods of destroying contaminants in chemical plants with the observance of rules of safety procedures were not available. Even now, half a century later, there are no developed and completely reliable broad-scale technologies for the industrial destruction of war contaminants. Both concealment in deep mines and combustion of contaminants have more harmful effects on nature and mankind when compared to sinking these at a considerable depth. One important point to remember is also that German depots of chemical weapons were located in densely populated regions of Europe therefore, the chosen method for getting rid of chemical ammunition was apparently the best. 

In the northern hemisphere, tropospheric ozone exhibits a widespread increase since preindustrial times due to the rise of anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. The increase affects both the boundary region and the free troposphere. In densely populated regions, boimdary layer ozone mixing ratios in summer can rise to more than 100 nmol mol" under adverse meteorological conditions, appreciably above background levels of 20-35 nmol mol . ... 

The emissions arc related to the total area of the densely populated region,... 

Traction power plants with a capacity of tens of kilowatts for large-scale introduction of electric cars, leading to an important improvement in the ecological situation in large cities and densely populated regions... 

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