Dense water inflow

Zhurbas, V. M., Oh, I. S., Paka, V. T., 2003. Generation of cyclonic eddies in the Eastern Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea following dense water inflows numerical experiments. Journal of Marine Systems, 38, 323-336. 

Generally, sampling of waterways should be at the fastest flowing part of the stream/river, usually mid-depth unless the eontaminant is less dense than water and eould float, or is more dense and eould aeeumulate near the river bed. For lakes representative samples should be taken near to the inflow, outflow and other loeations. If two phases are present both may require sampling. Sample preservation by refrigeration, pH adjustment, elimination of light, filtration, and extraetion may be important. 

Pollutant trapping in estuaries is the result of two related phenomena patterns of water circulation and patterns of sediment deposition and resuspension. As shown in Figure 28.4, estuarine circulation is characterized by a subsurface inflow of dense saline... 

Alternatively, the vertical grid cell size may vary horizontally following the depth variations. This is the so-called ct-coordinate approach, which is expected to give a better representation of dense inflowing water masses over varying bottom topography. However, the accurate calculation of baroclinic pressure gradients creates problems for this type of coordinates. Moreover, the vertical acceleration is also excluded by the hydrostatic approximation. 

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