Delayed Binding

The above treatment is based on the assumption that 0 is small. However, as Figure 4.3 shows, P does not greatly change with concentration so that counterion condensation is probably insensitive to concentration. The delayed binding of counterions is of some importance to the onset of gelation. 

Jayanth V. lUgan and Donald E. Thomas, Synthesis by Delayed Binding of Decisions , Proc. of the 22nd DAC, pages 367-373, June 1985. 

A delayed binding strategy is the primary method used to resolve interactions between phases. Decisions are delayed until enough information is available to make them. Some phases are repeated so that conservative design decisions made in an earlier pass can be... 

SUGAR uses a delayed binding method to resolve interactions between problems in synthesis. The method is used developed to solve the particularly knotty circular dependency between allocation and scheduling. 

The style-specific SUGAR approach uses bus selection and delayed binding to control its interactions. Essentially the bus model selected suggests the high level structure, and the delayed binding splits the... 

Quinidine, the classical class IA drug, binds to the open state oftheNa+ channel, and prolongs the action potential by block of the delayed rectifier-. In higher concentrations, L-type Ca2+ channels are inhibited. Quinidine exerts antimuscarinic effects, thereby accelerating AV-nodal... 

Receptors permanently linked to an effector consist of proteins with an extracellular ligand-binding receptor domain and a signal-generating effector domain (Fig. 1). Most of these receptors are composed of two to five structurally related or identical subunits. Effectors can be enzymes or ion channels whose activities are stimulated by agonist binding without significant delay. 

Two initiation factors, eIF-3 and elF-lA, bind to the newly dissociated 40S ribosomal subunit. This delays its reassociation with the 60S subunit and allows other translation initiation factors to associate with the 40S subunit. 

The 5-HT3 antagonist palonosetron is the first 5-HT3 antagonist to be approved for prevention of both acute and delayed CINV.40 Compared to the other 5-HT3 antagonists, palonosetron has a longer serum half-life (40 hours compared to 4 to 9 hours) and a higher receptor binding affinity, which may contribute to its efficacy in preventing delayed CINV.41... 

Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, is the most effective agent for PD. Patients experience a 40% to 50% improvement in motor function. It is absorbed in the small intestine and peaks in the plasma in 30 to 120 minutes. A stomach with excess acid, food, or anticholinergic medications will delay gastric emptying time and decrease the amount of levodopa absorbed. Antacids decrease stomach acidity and improve levodopa absorption. Levodopa requires active transport by a large, neutral amino acid transporter protein from the small intestine into the plasma and from the plasma across the blood-brain barrier into the brain (Fig. 29-2). Levodopa competes with other amino acids, such as those contained in food, for this transport mechanism. Thus, in advanced disease, adjusting the timing of protein-rich meals in relationship to levodopa doses may be helpful. Levodopa also binds to iron supplements and administration of these should be spaced by at least 2 hours from the levodopa dose.1,8,16,25... 

Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.30 Upon initial exposure, a substance penetrates the skin, binds to a protein and develops into sensitizing antigens. Subsequent exposures to that substance will then elicit an allergic reaction.25,29,30 Symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis are similar to those of the irritant type, but may take several hours to several days to develop following re-exposure.25,26... 

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