Dehydration stress

The practical solution to the protein stability dilemma is to remove the water. Lyophilization (freeze-drying) is most commonly used to prepare dehydrated proteins, which, theoretically, should have the desired long-term stability at ambient temperatures. However, as will be described in this review, recent infrared spectroscopic studies have documented that the acute freezing and dehydration stresses of lyophilization can induce protein unfolding [8-11]. Unfolding not only can lead to irreversible protein denaturation, even if the sample is rehydrated immediately, but can also reduce storage stability in the dried solid [12,13]. 

For this reason, the purpose of this work is to determine the action of other sugars in addition to trehalose on bacteria grown in high osmolarity by which they are subjected to dehydration stress. With this aim, we have studied the recovery of lactic bacteria after applying different strategies of dehydration to improve the recovery of L. bulgaricus after dehydration. 

Remmele, R. L, Stushnoff, C., Carpenter, J. F., 1997. Real-time in situ monitoring of lysozyme during lyophilization using irrfrared spectroscopy Dehydration stress in the presence of sucrose. Pharmaceut. Res. 14 1548-1555. 

Sodium chloride is relatively inexpensive and is provided either free or incorporated directly into animal feed to prevent sodium and chloride deficiencies. Potassium is usually not deficient because most forages have adequate quantities. Therefore, it should be supplemented only when animals consume poor quaHty roughages or a high concentrate diet, or when they are under stress, dehydrated, or suffering from diarrhea (5). Potassium deficiency usually is alleviated by changing the diet or by supplementing with potassium sulfate. 

Dehydration. Residual liquid and physisorbed moisture on particle surfaces can be eliminated on beating to - 200° C. Temperatures ia excess of 1000°C may be requited to eliminate cbemisorbed water (29). Kaolin must be beated to 700°C to Hberate tbe water of crystallisation and produce tbe desired dehydrated aluminosiUcate. As with biader burnout, rapid gas evolution from rapid dehydration can result ia catastrophic stress development within a body. 

Rower, D.J. Ludlow, M.M. (1986). Contribution of osmotic adjustment to the dehydration tolerance of water-stressed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment, 9, 33-40. 

Surprisingly, very little physiological work has been done to understand the nature and processes of plant recovery from extreme drought stress, especially in relation to plant production (Chapter 7). In order for the plant to recover properly from severe water stress, its various meristems must survive. The association between severe plant stress and the factors that affect meristem survival and function upon rehydration are unclear though osmoregulation may have a possible protective role and as a potential source of carbon for recovery. Active plant apices generally excel in osmoregulation and do not lose much water upon plant dehydration (Barlow, Munns Brady, 1980). 

J. Crowe, L. Crowe, and J. Carpenter, Are freezing and dehydration similar stress vectors A comparison... 

J. H. Crowe, J. F. Carpenter, L. M. Crowe, and T. J. Anchordoguy, Are freezing and dehydration similar stress vectors A comparison of modes of interaction of stabilizing solutes with biomolecules, Cryobiology, 27, 219 (1990). 

Rastogi, N.K., Angersbach, A., and Knorr, D. 2000b. Synergistic effect of high hydrostatic pressure pre-treatment and osmotic stress on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration. J. Food Engineer. 45, 25-31. 

---