Degree of Independence

This dual responsibihty can be enabled by the existence of a laboratory that operates with a certain degree of independence within the corporation (3). Such a laboratory has the following critical responsibiUties (/) keep the science base renewed and vibrant, maintaining the base of science experts and... 

Two very important fields of natural science—chemistry and the science of electricity— matured and grew vigorously during the first half of the nineteenth century. Electrochemistry developed simultaneously. From the very beginning, electrochemistry was not merely a peripheral field but evolved with an important degree of independence, and it also left very significant marks on the development of chemistry and of the theory of electricity. 

At the age of 51, this convivial, whimsical man who liberated us from so many age-old burdens was paralyzed by polio. To maintain some small degree of independence, Midgley designed a system of ropes and pulleys to lift himself out of bed and into his wheelchair. Late one night in 1944, he strangled on the ropes. 

It is therefore not just a biographical coincidence that Kosmatschof s first key work appeared not in Moscow, but in one of the Turk republics. The regional authorities, in fact, managed to retain a certain degree of independence, evinced primarily in their ability to circumvent clearly defined government policy when it came to specific administrative... 

Historically, some of those approaches have been developed with a considerable degree of independence, leading to a proliferation of thermochemical concepts and conventions that may be difficult to grasp. Moreover, the past decades have witnessed the development of new experimental methods, in solution and in the gas phase, that have allowed the thermochemical study of neutral and ionic molecular species not amenable to the classic calorimetric and noncalorimetric techniques. Thus, even the expert reader (e.g., someone who works on thermochemistry or chemical kinetics) is often challenged by the variety of new and sophisticated methods that have enriched the literature. For example, it is not uncommon for a calorimetrist to have no idea about the reliability of mass spectrometry data quoted from a paper many gas-phase kineticists ignore the impact that photoacoustic calorimetry results may have in their own field most experimentalists are notoriously unaware of the importance of computational chemistry computational chemists often compare their results with less reliable experimental values and the consistency of thermochemical data is a frequently ignored issue and responsible for many inaccuracies in literature values. 

The question of its ultimate reality is difficult, if one starts from the conservative view of the mind, where awareness is no more than a product of the nervous system and brain, the degree of independence or objectivity of the observer can only be relative. The Observer may be a semi-independent system with fewer characteristics than the overall system of consciousness as a whole, but it is dependent on the operation of neurologically based structures and so is ultimately limited and shaped by them it is also programmed to some extent in the enculturation process. Hilgard 26 has found the concept of such a partially dissociated observer useful in understanding hypnotic analgesia. 

Organic agriculture is a mixture of many techniques. Its central elements are the conservation of soil fertility, site adapted livestock units and a large degree of independency from external agricultural products, as well as the perception of the farm and its surrounding as an organic whole. Traditional methods such as for... 

Daddy s never coming home from the hospital, I would have jumped at any deal offered. I would have gladly accepted death the day they were off to college if it meant I could see them grow to that degree of independence. My kids were my motivation and the source of my continued commitment through the years. 

Using independent replicates - remember that the degree of independence of replicates is important sub-Samples cannot act as replicate samples they tell you about variability in the measurement method but not in the quantity being measured. 

The most striking feature of these sections and the silicate and phosphate (not shown) is the considerable degree of independence in spite of our bias toward similarity as just noted. A strong correlation was previously shown (22) between temperature, nitrate, and phosphate in surveys across the California upwelling system. Correlations as strong as those did not occur here. 

Degree of independence, and freedom from bias, influence, and conflicts of interest ... 

The relatively small operable range of composition specifications results from the lesser degree of independence between Yp, and Xg. The higher the dependence between the specified variables, the smaller the operable range. Examined on a Y-X equilibrium diagram, the dependence between Yp, and Xg is underscored by the... 

The two variables selected to define the column performance become the independent variables, and the others are calculated to satisfy the mass balances, energy balances, and equilibrium relations. Many of the parameters are interdependent to varying degrees, but the two selected as the independent variables must, at least, be independent of each other over certain ranges. In fact, the higher the degree of independence between the two specified variables, the wider the feasible ranges over which the column can operate and the easier for the specified values of the variables to be met. 

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