Degree of activation

Rate of polymerization. The rate of polymerization for homogeneous systems closely resembles anionic polymerization. For heterogeneous systems the concentration of alkylated transition metal sites on the surface appears in the rate law. The latter depends on the particle size of the solid catalyst and may be complicated by sites of various degrees of activity. There is sometimes an inverse relationship between the degree of stereoregularity produced by a catalyst and the rate at which polymerization occurs. 

The inhibitory activity of sorbates is attributed to the undissociated acid molecule. The activity, therefore, depends on the pH of the substrate. The upper limit for activity is approximately pH 6.5 in moist appHcations the degree of activity increases as the pH decreases. The upper pH limit can be increased in low water activity systems. The following indicates the effect of pH on the dissociation of sorbic acid, ie, percentage of undissociated sorbic acid at various pH levels (76,77). 

Used alumina can be regenerated by repeated extraction, first with boiling methanol, then with boiling water, followed by drying and heating. The degree of activity of the material can be expressed conveniently in terms of the scale due to Brockmann and Schodder (Chem Ber B 74 73 1941). 

Temperature The degree of molecular activity in a body high activity gives a high temperature, low activity a low temperature. The degree of activity is based on the assumption that absolute zero has no molecular movement at all. The following are some specific temperatures ... 

From the above data, it is apparent that the I rs-/ ro- ratio strongly depends on the aromatic substrate. In particular, it depends not only on the degree of activation of the substrate and on the displaced group but probably also on the type of activation. 

It has been found empirically that central analgesics that possess some degree of activity as antagonists of the effects of morphine tend to show a reduced propensity for causing physical addiction. Again empirically, it was noted that this could often be achieved by replacement of the N-methyl group by allyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or cyclobutylmethyl additional nuclear modifications often contributed to this activity. 

Since incoming air may he as much as 11 K colder or 25 K warmer than the conditioned space, the object of the duct and grille system must be to distribute this air and mix it with the room air with the least discomfort to the occupants. The subjective feeling of discomfort will depend on the final temperature difference, the velocity, and the degree of activity, cold air being less acceptable than warm. Velocities at head level should be between 0.1 m/s and 0.45 m/s and comprehensive factors will be found in the CIBSE Guide, Table B3.1. 

Just as important as the maximum active force a muscle can exert at various lengths, is the rate at which the muscle shortens as a function of the force load, i.e., the force-velocity curve. Both the length-tension curve and the force-velocity curve vary according to the degree of activation of a muscle. The rate at which crossbridges cycle is an inverse function of the load force (Figure 4). 

Except Ps. aeruginosa. All penicillins show some degree of activity against Gram-negative cocci. 

Inevitably, there are changes in the degree of activity in the various fields of chemistry some subject areas flourish and expand, others contract. Some titles in the SPR series have remained unchanged, others have changed their emphasis and their titles, some have been combined with others under a new name, and some have been discontinued. In recent years several entirely new titles have appeared, which emphasises the Society s commitment to continue as a major provider of specialist tertiary literature. 

Gulati, J. and Babu, A., Contraction kinetics of intact and skinned frog fibers and degree of activation, Journal of General Physiology, 86, 479, 1985. 

Both compounds show about the same degree of activity toward red ants and honey bees, but DDT is superior against red scale crawlers and greenhouse thrips. 

Physical Constants, Chem. Degree of Activity Biol. 

Table VIII. Miscellaneous Organofluorine Compounds Credited with a Degree of Activity against Some Specific Insect...

Calculations show (Table 2) that the 0-0 bond orders in chemisorbed oxygen molecules are almost 30 % lower than those in free O2 molecule. Besides, a noticeable increase (of more than 20 %) in 0-0 bond length takes place during adsorption. Thus, chemisorbed O2 molecules have a fairly high degree of activation and can be easily reduced, which accounts for the catalytic activity of PANI. 

In the CP-O2 complex, the CP surface is an electron density donor. For example, in the case of PANI, the bond orders in adsorbed 02 molecules decrease by about 30%, and the bond lengths L increase by about 24%. Thus, the adsorbed 02 molecules have a fairly high degree of activation and can readily interact with the protons. Hence, quantum-chemical analysis confirms the mechanism of O2 electroreduction and gives possibility to understand the reasons of PANI catalytic activity. 

To date, there have only been a limited number of studies directly examining PKC in bipolar disorders [77], Although undoubtedly an oversimplification, particulate (membrane) PKC is sometimes viewed as the more active form of PKC, and thus an examination of the subcellular partitioning of this enzyme can be used as an index of the degree of activation. Friedman etal. [78] investigated PKC activity and PKC translocation in response to serotonin in platelets obtained from bipolar-disorder patients before and during lithium treatment. They reported that the ratios of platelet-membrane-bound to cytosolic PKC activities were elevated in the manic patients. In addition, serotonin-elicited platelet PKC translocation was found to be enhanced in those patients. With respect to brain tissue, Wang and Friedman [74] measured PKC isozyme levels, activity and translocation in postmortem brain tissue from patients with bipolar disorder, and reported increased PKC activity and translocation in the brains of bipolar patients compared with controls, effects which were accompanied by elevated levels of selected PKC isozymes in cortices of bipolar disorder patients. 

The degree of activation of the sample is measured by post-irradiation spectroscopy, usually performed with high-purity semiconductors. The time-resolved intensity measurements of one of the several spectral lines enables to get the half-life of the radioactive element and the total number of nuclear reactions occurred. In fact, the intensity of a given spectral line associated with the decay of the radioactive elements decreases with time as Aft) = Aoexp[—t/r], where Aq indicates the initial number of nuclei (at t = 0) and r is the decay time constant related to the element half-life (r = In2/ /2), which can be measured. Integrating this relation from t = 0 to the total acquisition time, and weighting it with the detector efficiency and natural abundance lines, the total number of reactions N can be derived. Then, if one compares this number with the value obtained from the convolution of... 

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