Degradation of polymer solutions

The elementary steps, eqns. (9)—(15), and the global kinetic eqn. (16) are of course valid for the degradation of polymer solutions. In this case V is the volume of the solution which does not change with degradation time. For bulk polymer, V is the volume of the polymer sample which usually decreases as degradation proceeds. Therefore, in the preceding discussion 

The same change has to be made in all the kinetic equations in section 3.2 and Table 1 in order to obtain correct expressions for the degradation of polymers in solution. 

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Muller AJ, Odell JA, Carrington S (April 1991) In Degradation of polymer solutions in extensional flow, Proceedings of the polymer physics a Conference to mark the retirement of A Keller, Bristol UK 3-5... 

O CONTENTS Introduction to Series An Editor s Foreword, Albert Padwa. Introduction, Timothy J. Mason. Historical Introduction to Sonochemistry, D. Bremner. The Nature of Sonochemical Reactions and Sonoluminescence, M.A. Mar-guli. Influence of Ultrasound on Reactions with Metals, B. Pugin and A.T. Turner. Ultrasonically Promoted Carbonyl Addition Reactions, J.L. Luche. Effect of Ultrasonically Induced Cavitation on Corrosion, W.J. Tomlinson. The Effects of Ultrasound on Surfaces and Solids, Kenneth S. Suslick and Stephen J. Doktycz. The Use of Ultrasound for the Controlled Degradation of Polymer Solutions, G. Price. 

Odell JA, Muller AJ, Narh KA, KcUct A (1990) Degradation of polymer-solutions in extensional flows. Macromolecules 23 3092—3103... 

Price GJ, Smith PF (1993) Ultrasonic degradation of polymer-solutions. 2. The effect of temperature, ultrasound intensity and dissolved-gases on polystyrene in toluene. Polymer 34 4111 117... 

Shen, A.M., Rate of Shear Degradation of Polymer Solutions, M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Missouri-Rolla, 1981. 

Mechano-chemical degradation of polymer solutions by high speed stirring... 

Ultrasonic degradation of polymer solutions in the presence of a second monomer might thus be expected to result in the formation of a block copolymer, the radicals produced by chain scission initiating monomer polymerization. This has been achieved by Henglein for the system polyacrylamide-acrylonitrile [158]. 

Plutonium(IV) polymer is a product of Pu(IV) hydrolysis and is formed in aqueous solutions at low acid concentrations. Depolymerization generally is accomplished by acid reaction to form ionic Pu(IV), but acid degradation of polymer is strongly dependent on the age of the polymer and the conditions under which the polymer was formed (12). Photoenhancement of Pu(IV) depolymerization was first observed with a freshly prepared polymer material in 0.5 HClOh, Fig. 3 (3 ). Depolymerization proceeded in dark conditions until after 140 h, 18% of the polymer remained. Four rather mild 1-h illuminations of identical samples at 5, 25, 52, and 76 h enhanced the depolymerization rates so that only 1% polymer remained after the fourth light exposure (Fig. 3). 

Jou, D., Casas-Vazquez, /. and Criado-Sancho, Af. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions under Flow Phase Separation and Polymer Degradation. VoL 120, pp. 207-266. 

Southwick, J.G. and Manke, C.W. "Molecular Degradation, Injectivity, and Elastic Properties of Polymer Solutions," SPE paper 15652, 1986 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, October 5 8. 

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