Degradation carbons

A commercial technology (69), the SABRE process, treats contaminated water and soil ia a two-stage process by adding a readily degradable carbon and an inoculum of anaerobic bacteria able to degrade the contaminant. An initial aerobic fermentation removes oxygen so that the subsequent reduction of the contaminant is not accompanied by oxidative polymerization. 

Certain fillers are commonly added to protect the urethane backbone from oxidative degradation. Carbon black and titanium dioxide are commonly used in conjunction with antioxidants to protect polyether polyurethanes in exterior adhesive applications that may be exposed to oxygen and light (Fig. 12). 

In extractive distillation with a supercritical solvent, extraction rather than vacuum is used to volatilize the components into the vapor phase. Operating temperatures can be lower than in conventional distillation, and the desired C8-Ci2 oxy fraction will then have been subjected to less thermal degradation. Carbon dioxide has a critical temperature that meets this goal. 

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