Definition schematic illustration

The guidelines provide variant descriptions of the meaning of the term linearity . One definition is, ... ability (within a given range) to obtain test results which are directly proportional to the concentration (amount) of analyte in the sample [12], This is an extremely strict definition, one which in practice would be unattainable when noise and error are taken into account. Figure 63-la schematically illustrates the problem. While there is a line that meets the criterion that test results are directly proportional to the concentration of analyte in the sample , none of the data points fall on that line, therefore in the strictest sense of the phrase, none of the data representing the test results can be said to be proportional to the analyte concentration. In the face of nonlinearity of response, there are systematic departures from the line as well as random departures, but in neither case is any data point strictly proportional to the concentration. 

Fig. 13. Schematic illustration of metal-organic molecular squares, assembled from linear organic linkers and 90° metal units (left), linear metal units and organic comers (middle), or linear metal units and 90° metal units (113). The latter two classes have several inner-cavity binding sites and thus fit the definition of metalated container molecules.

Figure 6.11 (a) Definition of the dihedral angle, , at a junction of three grain boundaries in a polycrystalline solid, (b) Schematic illustration of the shape of an inclusion phase for different dihedral angles. 

The crude source has a definite effect on the composition of the refined product. A schematic illustrating the distillation process is shown in Figure 4.5. These products correspond to their respective boiling points, carbon ranges, and analytical method as illustrated in Figure 4.6. 

This is schematically illustrated in Figure 6.3. Per definition, the Fermi energy is a true bulk property and independent from the specific surface conditions. EF and 6(r) are however influenced by external means, such as a connection to a voltage source with respect to 0 V. The work function , however, is not influenced by such external means, but depends on the other hand strongly on the surface conditions. 

Fig. 13. Schematic illustration of definition 2.6. In the first row a chemical transformation is displayed in which a synthon with two nonincident vertices from the reaction set X is transformed into another synthon with already incident vertices which were initially nonincident. In the second row a possible reaction graph is displayed...

See schematic illustrations in Fig. 3 for parameter definitions. Parameters are given for purine-pyrimidine (A T and G C) pairs. The parameters are identical for the corresponding pyrinudine-purine (T A and C G) pairs, except that K and Sx are of the opposite sign. 

The enclosure schematically illustrated in Fig. 5.70 contains a homogeneous gas mixture with an absorbent component. The element dA on the surface of the gas volume, shown in Fig. 5.70, will be used for the definition and calculation of its directional spectral absorptivity a XG. The radiation emitted from dA, with the spectral intensity Lx, is weakened by absorption. Depending on the direction, the path through the gas is of different lengths, which according to (5.179) leads to varying reductions in Lx. 

Figure 17 Schematic illustration of definition of intermolecular vibrational modes of an H-bond, Modes and v, refer to bend and twist of proton-donor molecule and Vjj to bend of acceptor molecule. Intermolecular stretch is denoted by v,.

Figure 7.11. Schematic illustration of delay in fatigue crack growth and definition of delay, Nd [4].

Fig. 14.14. (a) Schematic illustration of the geometry of a step-edge on a substrate and the definition of 9. (b) Low-magnification TEM micrograph of a YBCO film on a step-edge on a (001) LaAlOs substrate, (c) HREM micrograph of the upper grain boundary arrowed in (b). 

A schematic illustration of the definition of several important statistical... 

Figure 6.24 Schematic illustration of the difference with respect to accurate definition of a chromatographic peak between fixed acquisition times ( scan times ) as used by a linear quadrupole, and variable acquisition times dictated by automated gain control (AGC) applied in order to control space charge effects in a Paul ion trap. Since the rate of ion arrival is lower at the extremities of the peak, the acquisition times for the trap are longer than near the peak maximum, so that the start and end points for peak area integration are less well defined that in the case of fixed acquisition intervals (can be scan times or SIM/MRM channel dwell times).

Figure 2.7. Schematic illustration of reaction coordinate and saddle point definition of the transition...

Figure 9 Schematic illustration of non-degenerate coupled-oscillator CD spectra for a = 7 = 90° (a) 0 < 2t < 180° and (b) 180° < 2t < 360° (see Figure 8 for definition of t). (Source Circular dichroism and linear diohroism, A. Rodger and B. Nord n, 1997, by permission of Oxford University Press.)...

A schematic illustration of the economic viability of ore deposits based on the previous definitions is provided by the McKelvey diagram (see Figure 12.1). 

Figure 7.1 Schematic illustrations for the concept of transition state, (a) The transition state is a dividing surface between the reactant and the product regions in the phase space, which any reacting trajectory crosses only once and any non-reacting trajectory does not cross, (b) Illustration of recrossing trajectories. Such recrossings are prohibited by the definitions of the transition state.

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