Definition and Phenomenology

B. Small-Strain Behavior Moduli, Compliances, and Poisson s Ratio ll.B.l. Definitions and Phenomenology... 

By assuming, for the sake of simplicity, yCa = yH = 1, we may incorporate ATPase slips and the membrane leaks of H+ and Ca2+ into the definitions of phenomenological coefficients Zp s, LCab and LHb where the subscripts s and 1 refer to slip and leak, respectively, and we have the following flow-force equations in the matrix form... 

M. van den Tempel. Surface Rheology, in Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 2 (1977) 205-19. (Review with a phenomenological emphasis operational definitions and coupling to bulk rheology.)... 

As is evident from the above definition, the phenomenological cross-section Q is an energy-average of the microscopic cross-section o E) over the energy range between 0 and Ef, and accordingly is a function of Ef, viz. 

Wirr) or the in-adiated reactor volume (V,>r) should be carefully considered as two key parameters. This makes photocatalytic rate definition and kinetic parameter calculations phenomenologically sound and meaningful. 

The specific material constants were introduced earlier through eqs. (7.24c), with 9 = T/Tg and/(yP) being given by eqs. (7.41). In eq. (7.46) is an empirical rate parameter, to be chosen as a best fit to experimental results to complete the definition, and to replace the mechanistic expressions with the more convenient equivalent phenomenological forms introduced here. Through these choices, the power-law form of the kinetic law of eq. (7.43) becomes a flexible representation of the large-strain plastic flow of metallic glasses near Jg. 

Compatibility in the polymer blends is defined by either miscibility on the molecular scale or absence of gross symptoms of phase separation. This definition is phenomenological and empirical but no unanimous theoretical scheme for predicting compatibility has been established. Thermodynamics predicts that exothermic mixtures satisfying Equation 5 would spontaneously mix,... 

Under other circumstances, work is produced and entropy increased by the first term in Equation 5.23. All this agrees with the phenomenological definition and guarantees that 8 defined by Equation 5.23 is the correct concept of entropy. 

The off-diagonal elements in Eq. 4 imply that a driving force for one state variable can lead to a flux of another state variable. All the individual phenomenological constants can be put into the phenomenological constant matrix, C. This matrix is positive semi-definite and the following condition holds [7] ... 

Definition of the Helical Twisting Power and Phenomenological Dependences... 

The central aim of this chapter is to give a simple, self-contained approach to a set of molecular magnetic properties in terms of induced current densities and related property density maps, via classical relationships combined with quantum mechanical definitions, and computational procedures. Some efforts are made to document the effectiveness of such a theoretical treatment, in the attempt to rationalize the phenomenology and to form a mental image of the mechanisms underlying the electronic interaction with static magnetic perturbations. 

A major contribution to overcome the impasse was given by a set of computational studies, which provided a realistic description of the Hamiltonian of the organic semiconductor and helped the definition of the most appropriate approximation schemes. Traditionally, computational studies follow from more formal and phenomenological theories and are used to connect the latter to the realistic systems. 

Previous theoretical kinetic treatments of the formation of secondary, tertiary and higher order ions in the ionization chamber of a conventional mass spectrometer operating at high pressure, have used either a steady state treatment (2, 24) or an ion-beam approach (43). These theories are essentially phenomenological, and they make no clear assumptions about the nature of the reactive collision. The model outlined below is a microscopic one, making definite assumptions about the kinematics of the reactive collision. If the rate constants of the reactions are fixed, the nature of these assumptions definitely affects the amount of reaction occurring. 

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