Phenomenological constants

The phenomenological constants can be expressed in terms of experimental quantities. The Ly represents the interaction of component i with other particles of component/ In molten salts no component seems particularly suitable for serving as a solvent. The use of a volume fixed frame of reference for defining the fluxes gives a more symmetrical representation. The equations for the phenomenological constants are given by Sund-heim. ... 

The rate constants kff and are phenomenological constants. If we assume that there is a local equilibrium between nuclei of different sizes, kN and are related by the detailed balance, that is, the ratio of the forward rate to the reverse rate is the equilibrium constant given by the exponential of the negative change in the free energy in units of kT ... 

The definition of y is arbitrary and varies between researchers although it is usually taken as the angle between an axis in the laboratory frame, such as parallel or perpendicular to the plane of incidence, and a mirror plane or crystal axis direction in the surface. (This angle is labelled in Fig. 4.2 b as .) The function f(y/) in Eq. (3.10) then reflects the 2 mm, 3 m, and 4 mm symmetry of the (110), (111), and (100) surfaces, respectively. The constants A and B represent the isotropic and anisotropic contributions to the SH intensity which depend on the crystal, the experimental geometry, the frequencies used and the fundamental and SH polarizations. The data is then fit to this functional form and relative magnitudes for the phenomenological constants, A and B, determined. 

The expressions for the stress tensor together with the equations for the moments considered as additional variables, the continuity equation, and the equation of motion constitute the basis of the dynamics of dilute polymer solutions. This system of equations may be used to investigate the flow of dilute solutions in various experimental situations. Certain simple cases were examined in order to demonstrate applicability of the expressions obtained to dilute solutions, to indicate the range of their applicability, and to specify the expressions for quantities which were introduced previously as phenomenological constants. 

The phenomenological constant a is calculated by Brinkman s self-consistent argument. In circumstances where the particles are identical, the drag computed in this manner reduces to Brinkman s formula. 

We may subsume all of the complexity of the full electromagnetic wave description of the Gaussian beam and its coupling to various elements of the resonator into two phenomenological constants the mutual inductances M, and M2 of Fig. 6. This procedure is equivalent to that used to model variable iris coupling into a waveguide cavity, for example. 

Here / (0, x) is the inhomogeneous free energy density, which varies from place to place in the phase-separating sample. It consists of the homogeneous term /(0) discussed earlier, plus a term fc(V0) due to the presence of gradients in composition. The coefficient at is a phenomenological constant. 

The are called the phenomenological constants. This region is called the linear region. 

Upon inserting these last equations into Eq. 20, the continuity equation becomes formally identical in form with Eq. 19 obtained by Chandrasekhar. However, it differs in that an expression for C has been obtained which is explicit in the intermolecular forces in contrast to the older Brownian motion theory in which C is a phenomenological constant only. 

Permeability According to the aforementioned, both the sorption and the diffusion of a solute determine the mass transfer across, and hence the separation characteristics of the membrane. The product of the diffusion coefficient and the sorption coefficient Sf is denoted the permeabihty of the membrane for component i and is commonly designated as Pf. In order to avoid confusing permeability and pressure, however, here it will be denoted (used commonly for the phenomenological constant)... 

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