Defects equipment

Defective equipment should, if possible, be removed from production and quality control areas, or at least be dearly labelled as defective. 

Means should be instituted of indicating failures of equipment or of services (e.g., water, gas) to equipment. Defective equipment should be withdrawn from use until the defect has been rectified. Production equipment should be deaned according to detailed written procedures and stored only under dean and dry conditions. 

Defective equipment should be labelled immediately as defective and repaired or removed as soon as possible. Technical maintenance and repair should be documented. 

Defective equipment should be tagged as defective and, where portable, removed from manufacturing areas. 

Provisions should be made to indicate failure of an equipment or services to an equipment Defective equipment should be withdrawn from use until the defect has been rectified. 

In addition, the employer has to ensure by internal organization and control that protective equipment is properly stored at a suitable place (e. g., in special cabinets or an extra room) and that they are checked on a regular basis and cleaned after each use. Defective equipment has to be repaired or replaced. In general, all measures, which are mentioned above, are at the cost of the employer. 

Procedure to follow in the event a specific type of emergency occurs How to report hazards or defective equipment The need for good housekeeping... 

Fire-fighting equipment can be portable, mobile, or fixed, and may be manual or automatic. Because of the prime importance of operational fire-fighting equipment, strict equipment inspection schedules are adhered to and recorded. Defective equipment is immediately replaced. Inspection of fire and safety equipment is normally carried out by process employees as part of their scheduled routines. Firefighting equipment that would be on their checklist include ... 

Unguarded or faulty machinery, and tools are other sources of accidents. Again within the health and safety law you must not use such equipment and furthermore it is your duty to report defective equipment immediately. 

Depending on the nmnber of pieces of equipment defect in functional group n, we incur downtime costs. For i 6 1,... pieces of defective equipment in group n we assmne that downtime costs of > 0 per time unit are incurred. These downtime costs will be estimated in the RCM study. Note that we are interested in the marginal costs of having a unit of extra downtime, the fixed repair costs should be excluded from c i since they are not affected by the number of spares. 

In this section we determine approximative estimates of the downtime costs. We first estimate the waiting time for spare parts. Based on the estimated waiting time, we estimate the fraction of time that each functional group has a certain mnnber of defective equipment. This approximate analysis of the system is based on the analysis of multi echelon inventory control for recoverable items in the METRIC model (Sherbrooke 1968). Based on these average long term time fractions, we can calculate the long term average downtime costs in the system. 

For now, assume in addition that the total repair time is exponentially distributed. Under this assumption, each functional group can be modelled as a continuous time Markov chain with -f 1 states. We let state / 0,..., ff correspond to the situation in which there are i pieces of defect equipment in the group. When in state i < R + 1, we move to state i + 1 with rate This transition corresponds to a failure in a piece of equipment within the group. When in state / > 0, we move to state / — 1 with rate t . This transition corresponds to a fiiushed repair. 

A sharper upper bormd can be obtained if we make the reasonable assumption that the downtime costs of a functional group are increasing with an increasing number of defective equipment (i > J c > c tj). We state without proof that C is then increasing when t is increasing. A lower bound for the downtime costs C can then be found by using f = fy in equations 4 and 5. Denote this lower boimd by. We can then terminate the search once a value for S for which hS + J2n=i exceeds the cost of the best solution formd so far is reached. 

Defective equipment not to be returned to use until repairs effected... 

Contact with energized sources (e.g., live parts, damaged or bare wires, defective equipment or tools). 

Electrical equipment noted in the program must be visually inspected before each da/s use. Any damaged or defective equipment must not be used by employees until repaired. 

What defective equipment can look like and who to report to about defects. 

Know electrical precautions for welding. Insulate yourself from both the work and the metal electrode holder. Don t work while standing on damp surfaces. Check for and report defective equipment. 

Marsh reported, OSHA imposed fines of 361,500 against Formosa. It was reported that OSHA cited dozens of safety violations fiom defective equipment to poor worker training [10],... 

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