Deep grinding

Ghosh, S., Chattopadhyay, A.B., and Paul, S., 2008. Modelling of specific energy requirement during high-efficiency deep grinding, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 48 (11), 1242-1253. 

Take a deep grind on all bottles having 75% or more of the total water down. (A deep grind is a sample of oil taken lQ-15 mL above the water-oil interface.)... 

The best chemical is one that produces saleable oil at the lowest concentration on the deep grind and that has very little or no basic sediment in the mixed grind. If a mixed grind has been extracted properly, up to 1% of the water may be due to free water remaining in the test bottle. Any amount over this is probably due to water being held up in the crude oil or to a poor interface. 

Tawakoli, T. (1993) High Efficiency Deep Grinding, VDl-Verlag, Germany. 

Iron blues have good lightfastness in mass tone or deep shades. Iron blues ate coarse in texture, difficult to grind, and withstand only a few minutes at 175°C. 

The raw materials are mainly byproducts from other industries steel scrap obtained from deep drawing, grindings from cast iron, FcS04-7 HzO from Ti02 production or from steel pickling, and FeCl2 also from steel pickling. 

The deep green crystals are converted to a red powder on grinding. The material is unaffected by air, but with water it decomposes slowly to form soluble ammonium thiomolybdate and insoluble copper(I) sulfide. The compound crystallizes in the tetragonal space group 14 with unit-cell dimensions of a = 8.000 ... 

SYNTHESIS A solution of 100 g of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in 220 g nitromethane was treated with 10 g anhydrous ammonium acetate, and heated on a steam bath for 2.5 h with occasional swirling. The deep-red reaction mixture was stripped of the excess nitromethane under vacuum, and the residue crystallized spontaneously. This crude nitrostyrene was purified by grinding under IPA, filtering, and air-drying, to yield 85 g of 2,5-dimethoxy-B-nitrostyrene as a yellow-orange product of adequate purity for the next step. Further purification can be achieved by recrystallization from boiling IPA. 

Ultrasonic machining, also known as ultrasonic impact grinding, uses ultra-sonically induced vibration delivered to a tool to create accurate cavities and channels of many shapes [146]. It can be used to form deep cavities as small as 250 pm in diameter (with an accuracy of 50 pm) in both hard and brittle materials such as glass, quartz, polymers, ceramics and metals. This technique may be useful for fabrication of large masters. 

Lattice defects can function both as donors and as acceptors and create free electrons or electron holes. Crystalline surfaces containing unsaturated electron valences act as electron traps and capture free electrons. This leads to changes in binding conditions and in the charge state of e.g. metal ions their ability to polarize O- in a metal oxide decreases. Surface oxidation during the grinding process often causes deep alterations of the surface structure of solids (sulphides, graphite, coal). This usually leads to increases in affinity toward water and in reactivity with the surfactant. 

---