Deep bore hole

More deep bore holes should be drilled in carbonate sequences not directly associated with hydrocarbon accumulations to obtain diagenetic data and information on carbonate composition as a function of geologic age. 

F.A. Baum, A.S. Derzhavets 8c N.S. Sanasaryan, "Termostoikiye Vzryvchatyiye Veshchestva i Ikh Deistviye v Glubokikh Skvazhinakh (Termally Stable Explosives and Their Action in Deep Bore Holes or Wells), Nedra, Moscow (1969), 157pp... 

For other requirements referred to charges for deep bore-holes see (5). 

It has been suggested that the most hazardous actinides be removed from the reprocessing waste and stored separately. The advantage is (i) to eliminate all actinides from the HAW, so that its hazardous potential follows that of Sr, Cs and Tc, by which the main hazard is gone in about 400 years, and completely in about 100 000 y (ii) to reduce the waste actinides to a small volume, 1/100 to 1/1000 of that of the HAW (and, of course, even much less when compared to the volume of the spent fuel elements), which will simplify the storage problem. For example, such actinide waste could be stored uniquely in very deep bore holes in the ground, eventually in the earth s molten interior. A similar procedure seems possible also for the Sr+Cs fraction. 

In special cases, for very deep bore holes cementing, the lime with quartz sand mixtures, metallurgical slags, as well as the dicalcium silicate with sand mixtures can be used [169], In Russia the slag activated with sodium compounds is used... 

As far as it is possible, especially in deep bore holes (t> 5- D), high-pressure internal mold cooling and feed interruptions, similar to turning, are used. Short chips and the high pressure of the cooling fluid facilitate flushing of the bore hole and thus prevent the seizing on the drill base body. 

For drilling depths above f = 10 D, as it is often the case in cooling channels, very sharp HSS drills (DIN 1869) must be used. To avoid jamming of the drill, it is advantageous that the drill tip is ground 0.1 to 0.3 mm off center for deep bore holes that are not subject to specific tolerances. The application of a cooling water emulsion, with increased concentrate proportion if possible, is advisable. 

With the reference block method the distance law of a model reflector is established experimentally prior to each ultrasonic test. The reference reflectors, mostly bore holes, are drilled into the reference block at different distances, e.g. ASME block. Prior to the test, the reference reflectors are scanned, and their maximised echo amplitudes are marked on the screen of the flaw detector. Finally all amplitude points are connected by a curve. This Distance Amplitude Curve (DAC) serves as the registration level and exactly shows the amplitude-over-distance behaviour" of the reference reflector for the probe in use. Also the individual characteristics of the material are automatically considered. However, this curve may only be applied for defect evaluation, in case the reference block and the test object are made of the same material and have undergone the same heat treatment. As with the DGS-Method, the value of any defect evaluation does not consider the shape and orientation of the defect. The reference block method is safe and easy to apply, and the operator need not to have a deep understanding about the theory of distance laws. 

In theory, this is the greatest height that water can be lifted from a well by a surface pump. In practice, this maximum lift height is 25 to 30 ft. Of course, water is pumped from bore-hole wells hundreds of feet deep. But this is done by submersible pumps, which are let down into the well. 

Sample types (a) holes intersecting mineralisation (b) mineralised interval (c) probably mineralised interval (d) samples equivalent to those associated with mineralisation (d , from structural zones) (e) stock wells and bores (f) deep bores. 

Secure a number of boards of H material, and bore holes into them 14 deep and 1 4 diameter somewhat as... 

This is a slow and laborious operation, experience having shown that in n nite three men working os above with a jumper of 3 inches diameter, such as ia used for boring holes from 9 to 15 feet deep, would not penetrate more than about i feet per day on an aver age or with a 2i-inch jumper, 5 feet per day, the last being employed for holes from 5 to 10 feet deep. 

The first phase concerns exploration drilling, in which bore holes, often many hundreds of metres deep, are drilled into the earth in order to decide whether a suspected oil or gas reservoir is worth further exploitation . This phase has to be carried out, and is independent of... 

The venting bore hole on the surface of the mold dj should after 2 to 4 mm become the larger diameter d.2 and the larger width of the venting channel d. Venting bore holes d) that are too long (deep) can reduce the venting velocity and are harder to drill. 

All molds must either be cooled or heated in the injection process. For this purpose, bore holes in the workpiece are required. These deep holes are placed in the work-piece using the appropriate machine. For more complex mold constructions, nearly every forming component is provided with bore holes. 

The terrestrial planets are almost in energy balance, that is, thermal emission nearly equals absorbed solar power. On Earth only a small internal heat source exists, which manifests itself by a vertical temperature gradient in the outer layers of the crust. Early measurements, mostly from a few deep mines and bore holes, indicated a temperature increase with depth of 10-40 K km With reasonable assumptions on the thermal conductivity of rocks this corresponds to an internal heat source of approximately 2.6 x 10 W (Bullard, 1954). More recent estimates, including data from deep sea drillings, yield a slightly higher value of 4.3 0.6 x 10 W (Williams von Herzen, 1974). In contrast, solar radiation absorbed by the Earth amounts to approximately 1.2 x 10 W. The internal heat flux is, therefore, only 3.5 X lO"" of the absorbed solar radiation and, consequently, the energy balance of the Earth is approximately 1.00035. 

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