Deeming

Case-Based Reasoning. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) systems base their solutions on previously solved problems (cases) which are stored in a case-base [Watson Marir, 1994]. When a new problem is presented to a CBR system a similar case(s) is/are retrieved from the case-base. Depending on the differences between the retrieved and the presented problem the retrieved solution may have to be more or less adapted to obtain a solution to the new problem. The solved problem may be retained in the case base if deemed useful. 

The results of corrosion surveys are received by the Surveyor in an agreed format using Forms TMl - TM8, preferably with the LR software freely issued to the approved firms. The report will highlight any areas where corrosion has gone beyond the permitted maximum diminution, which may be as low as 15% of the nominal thickness for a single item, and will also identify areas of "substantial corrosion T.e., any in excess of 75% of the permitted maximum. Corrosion in excess of that permitted means that the item has to be replaced. Any areas of corrosion deemed to be "substantial" are recorded for annual inspection. The Surveyor will review the completed report for verification and confirmation of the completeness of the thickness survey. 

The analysis of Manousiouthakis and Deem [75] mentioned above has demonstrated that it is also correct to choose atoms sequentially rather than randomly it has been tacitly assumed for many years that this violation of the Markovian restriction is acceptable, so a proof of tiiis kind is very welcome. 

Manousiouthakis V I and Deem M W 1999 Strict detailed balance is unnecessary in Monte Carlo simulation J. Chem. Phys. 1102752-Q... 

References cited in the corresponding chapters of this book direct the interested reader to these books that provide much more detail in greater depth than is possible here. We can present only the major foundations, methods, and uses of these subjects as we have deemed necessary. 

This is not to say that we deem these topics not to be important. On the contrary, we think that those interested in chemoinformatics should strive to obtain a basic knowledge of these subjects. We even think that all professionals in natural sciences and engineering should in future obtain a minimum of training in these fields during their studies. However, presentation here of those aspects of informatics would go beyond the scope of this book. 

Consequently, we can construct a similarity measure intuitively in the following way all matches c -i- d relative to all possibilities, i.e., matches plus mismatches (c+ d) + (a -I- h), yields (c -t- d) / a + b+ c + d), which is called the simple matching coefficient [18], and equal weight is given to matches and mismatches. (Normalized similarity measures are called similarity indices or coefficients see, e.g.. Ref. [19].) When absence of a feature in both objects is deemed to convey no information, then d should not occur in a similarity measure. Omitting d from the above similarity measure, one obtains the Tanimoto (alias Jaccard) similarity measure (Eq. (8) see Ref. [16] and the citations therein) ... 

For Iran sition metals th c splittin g of th c d orbitals in a ligand field is most readily done using HHT. In all other sem i-ctn pirical meth -ods, the orbital energies depend on the electron occupation. HyperCh em s m oiccii lar orbital calcii latiori s give orbital cri ergy spacings that differ from simple crystal field theory prediction s. The total molecular wavcfunction is an antisymmetrized product of the occupied molecular orbitals. The virtual set of orbitals arc the residue of SCT calculations, in that they are deemed least suitable to describe the molecular wavefunction, ... 

It will be useful at the very outset to introduce the student to the apparatus that is commonly employed in the organic laboratory. Whether he will personally handle aU the types of apparatus to be described will, of course, depend (i) upon the duration of the course in practical organic chemistry and (ii) upon the facilities provided by the laboratory. Nevertheless, it is deemed advantageous that the student should, at least, know of their existence. 

Foster s neglect of the role of the adsorbed film was unavoidable in the then absence of any reliable information as to the thickness of the film. It is now known that in fact the effect of the film on the calculated result is far from negligible, as will be demonstrated shortly. Since, however, all the methods of calculating pore size distributions involve a decision as to the upper limit of the range to be studied, this question needs to be discussed first. In effect one has to choose a point corresponding to point G in Fig. 3.1, where the mesopores are deemed to be full up. If the isotherm takes the course GH there are no further cores to be considered in any case but if it swings upwards as at GH, the isotherm is usually so steep that the Kelvin-type approach becomes too inaccurate (cf. p. 114) to be useful. 

Equation (3.52) is applied in succession to all steps from step 1 onwards, commencing from the uptake n, where all pores are deemed full (often at p/p° = 0-95 cf. p. 132), to obtain the values of 5 4, 6A2 etc. If no correction is made for the thinning of the multilayer as the emptying process continues, the core volumes will be given by Svf = ( — and the uncorrected... 

Certain laboratories can, after a contract has been awarded, register under the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) of the EPA. To earn a contract, one or more specifically prepared samples must be analyzed under very similar conditions to those used in standard protocols. Only if the data are deemed satisfactory will a contract be awarded. Further evaluation samples must be analyzed at three-month intervals afterward to ensure that performance is being maintained. 

The height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) for a chromatographic column is approximated by the van Deem ter equation (107) ... 

The subsequent step is to identify the various scenarios which could cause loss of control of the hazard and result in an accident. This is perhaps the most difficult step in the procedure. Many accidents have been the result of improper characterization of the accident scenarios. For a reasonably complex chemical process, there might exist dozens, or even hundreds, of scenarios for each hazard. The essential part of the analysis is to select the scenarios which are deemed credible and worst case. 

Projected Reversible Optical Recording. In the hterature, a multitude of suggestions can be found for possible, reversibly operating optical recording techniques including the materials deemed suitable for this. Common to all these techniques is their failure to develop to commercial use. 

Oxygen is suppHed quite routinely to patients suffering impaired respiratory function as weU as in other situations where oxygen is deemed to be useflil. The pure oxygen, with humidification, is deHvered via a simple double tube (cannula) to a point just inside the nostrils where the 99.5% gas blends with the room air (21% O2), and is inhaled. The concentration of oxygen that reaches the lungs thus depends on the rate and volume of air inhaled and on the exit flow of oxygen from the cannula, usually one to six L/min. 

When illegal residues have been found in monitoring studies conducted by the FDA or USD A, the reason has often been that no U.S. tolerance had been requested for that particular pesticide in that specific crop. For example, an imported crop would be deemed to be adulterated and would be seized at the port of entry into the United States if found to contain a pesticide residue in the absence of a tolerance in that crop. This is so even if tolerances have been set for the same pesticide in several crops grown in the United States and the pesticide had been used to control a pest that does not exist in the United States. Furthermore, an international maximum residue level (MRL) might already have been estabUshed for that pesticide—crop combination under the Codex system of standards for food of importance in international trade. The U.S. GAO issued two reports on food safety and pesticides in 1991 (89,90). 

Florfenicol concentrations in tissues and body fluids of male veal calves were studied after 11 mg/kg intramuscular doses adininistered at 12-h intervals (42). Concentrations of florfenicol in the lungs, heart, skeletal muscle, synovia, spleen, pancreas, large intestine, and small intestine were similar to the corresponding semm concentrations indicating excellent penetration of florfenicol into these tissues. Because the florfenicol concentration in these tissues decreased over time as did the corresponding semm concentrations, it was deemed that florfenicol equiUbrated rapidly between these tissues and the blood. Thus semm concentrations of florfenicol can be used as an indicator of dmg concentrations in these tissues. 

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