Decabromodiphenyl ethane

McKinney MA, Dietz R, Sonne C, De Guise S, Sklmisson K, Karlsson K, Stemgrimsson E, Letcher RJ (2011) Comparative hepatic microsomal biotransformation of selected PBDEs, including decabromodiphenyl ether, and decabromodiphenyl ethane flame retardants in Arctic marine-feeding mammals. Environ Toxicol Chem 30 1506-1514... 

Nakari T, Huhtala S (2010) In vivo and in vitro toxicity of decabromodiphenyl ethane, a flame retardant. Environ Toxicol 25 333-338... 

Fabrics and polyurethane furniture, circuit boards, high-impact plastic casings around electronic equipment such as televisions, telephones, computers, hair dryers, etc., are sources of flame retardants such as PBDEs, HBCD, TBBPA and new generation flame retardants bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), (2-ethyUiexyl)tetrabromophtha-late (TBPH), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DeBDethane) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TB) (see Chapters 2, 5, 7 and 8) (Kemmlein et al, 2003 Stapleton et al, 2008 Takigami et al, 2008, 2009 Kolic et al, 2009). Traces of PBDD/F can... 

Kierkegaard A, Sellstrom U, McLachlan MS. Environmental analysis of higher brominated diphenyl ethers and decabromodiphenyl ethane. J Chromatogr A 2009 1216(3) 364-75. 

The traditional halogen fire retardants used in styrenic copolymers are decabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether, tetrabromobisphenol A, bis(tribromophenoxy) ethane, ethylene bis-tetrabromophthalimide, and chlorinated paraffins. Actually the octabromodiphenyl ether has been banned on precautionary principles, as will be explained below. The fire-retardant capabilities of the more effective halogen-containing compounds are in line with the quantity of halogen in the final polymer blend, with consideration for the use of synergists. Thus, the practical utility of these flame-retardant compounds (once the issue of degradation temperature is resolved) is often based on their ability to be blended into the polymer and to not substantially affect the physical properties of the polymers. 

Tetrabromobisphenol A is used in epoxy resins especially for glass fiber reinforced used in printed circuit board. Nonreactive compounds such as tetrabromophatalate ester, bis(tribromophenoxy) ethane, and decabromodiphenyl ether are also used. The use of synergists, such as antimony oxide, reduces the quantity of brominated flame retardant necessary but decreases the electrical properties required. 

Kajiwara, N., Noma, Y., et al (2008) Photolysis studies of technical decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) and ethane (DeBDethane) in plastics under natural sunlight. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(12) 4404 409. 

The effect of additives, others than plasticizers, on the dynamic mechanical properties of styrene polymers have attracted little attention from researchers. Flame retardants such as l,2-bis(tetrabromophthalimide)ethane, crystalline decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO) and antimony trioxide (Sb203) do not affect the a relaxation of aPS [38,39]. 

See Decabromodiphenyl oxide Great Lakes DP-45 . See Tetrabromobis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Great Lakes FF-680 . See Bis (tribromophenoxy) ethane Great Lakes FR-756 . See Disodium tetrabromophthalate... 

The key is the ethane bridge between the aromatic rings, versus an oxygen atom in decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDPE). The spatial arrangement of the rings does not allow easy bond formation of the type necessary to produce dioxin or furan structures. EBP is a direct replacement for decaBDPE in many applications such as HIPS for electrical and electronic (E E)... 

The common flame retardants for ABS are halogen-containing compoimds. Bromine-containing compounds such as decabromodiphenyl oxide (DB), tetrabro-mobisphenol (TBBPA), and l,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPOE) have been regarded as very good flame retardants for ABS resin (Brebu et al. 2004). 

Decabromodiphenylethane (1,2-Bis[pentabromophenyl]ethane) [84852-53-9]. This solid additive, Albemarle SAYTEX 8010, is an alternative to the polybromodiphenyl ethers. It has 80% Br, a very high melting point (above 350°C), excellent thermal stability (good recyclability), fair UV stability, and gives performance similar to decabromodiphenyl ether in polyolefins and styrenics. An important use is in HIPS for TV and other electrical or electronic enclosures. 

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