Dayhoff

Each element of matrix corresponds to the probability that the amino acid in coiumn wiii mutate to the jmino acid in row j after a period of 1 PAM. The vaiues have been multipiied by 10000. (Based on Dayhoff M O 1978. Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure Voiume 5 Suppiement 3. Dayhoff M O (Editor) Georgetown Jniversity Medicai Center, National Biomedical Research Foundation Figure 82.)... 

Dayhoff M 01978. A Model of Evolutionary Change. In Dayhoff M O (Editor) Proteins in A Has of F Sequence and Structure Volume 5 Supplement 3. Georgetown University Medical Center, Na Biomedical Research Foundation, pp. 345-358. 

MO Dayhoff, WC Barker, PJ McLaughlin. Inferences from protein and nucleic acid sequences Early molecular evolution, divergence of kingdoms and rates of change. Orig Life 5 311-330, 1974. 

WC Barker, MO Dayhoff. Evolution of homologous physiological mechanisms based on protein sequence data. Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 62 1-5, 1979. 

Dayhoff, M. O., 1972-1978. The Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, Vol.s. 1-5. Wa.shington, DC National Medical Re.search Foundation. 

Dayhoff MO. Computer search for active-site configurations. J Am Chem Soc 1964 86 2295-7. 

Protein information resource (Barker et al., 1999) was established in 1984 by the National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF) as a successor to the original NBRF Protein Sequence Database, developed over 20 years by the late Margaret O. Dayhoff and published as the Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure (Dayhoff et al., 1965 Dayhoff, 1979). Since 1988 the database has been maintained by PIR-Intemational, a collaboration between the NBRF, the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS), and the Japan International Protein Information Database (JIPID). 

Fig. 3. Relative entropies for BLOSUM clustering percentages and Dayhoff PAM units.

Dayhoff, M. O. (1979). Atlas of protein sequence and structure. Vol. 5, suppl. 3 National Biomedical Research Foundation, Washington, D.C. (pp. 345-358). 

A sophisticated model of protein evolution was developed by Dayhoff et al. (1978) who measured the frequency with which each amino acid was replaced by every other in sets of closely related sequences. This was converted into a Markov model, which was used to generate the probability of any amino acid being substituted by any other or remaining unchanged after different amounts of evolution. The amount of evolution was measured in PAMs (point accepted mutations), which are mean numbers of substitutions per 100 residues. This is, of course, the same... 

Histones were initially assumed to form part of an assembly system (Sperling and Bustin, 1974, 1975) for two reasons. First, they are present in chromatin as many copies of a few components. [The mass of the five histones equals that of the DNA (for references, see Phillips, 1971 Hnilica, 1972).] Second, fiber X-ray diffraction studies of chromatin (Luzzati and Nicolaieff, 1959 Wilkins et al., 1959 Pardon et al., 1967 Pardon and Wilkins, 1972) indicated that they are involved in a regular periodic structure. The fact that the histones are highly conserved with respect to their primary structure (Dayhoff, 1972 Wilson et al., 1977), especially the arginine-rich histones H3 and H4, also indicates that they may play a primarily structural role in which each residue is crucial. 

Although histones have been regarded as the most highly conserved proteins during evolution (Dayhoff, 1972 Wilson et al., 1977), and although they have been shown to be an important constituent of... 

Dayhoff, M., ed. (1972). Atlas of Protein Sequences and Structure, Vol. 5. Natl. Biomed. Res. Found., Silver Spring, Maryland. 

M. D. Dayhoff, Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure National Biomedical Research Foundation Silver Spring, MD, 1969 Vol. 4. 

According to Macinnes and Dayhoff [7], the apparent molar volume of K1 in CH3OH can be expressed by the equation... 

Paramagnetic resonance has been observed in a-Cr203 above the antiantiferromagnetic Curie point by Maxwell and McGuire (171) antiferromagnetic resonance has been studied in a-CraOj by Dayhoff (172). 

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