Daphnia laevis

After first treatment, reduction within 1 week of 3 species of cladocerans (Daphnia laevis, Ceriodaphnia sp., Bosmina longirostus sp.), and 2 species of copepods (Cyclops sp., Diaptomus sp.). No recovery of Daphnia and Ceriodaphnia for 6 months, but Bosmina reappeared 11 weeks later. Diaptomus was depleted for 4 months, but Cyclops recovered in 6-7 weeks. The amphipod Hyallela azteca was eliminated within 4 weeks, and no recolonization was evident after 6 months. No adverse effects on oligochaetes, snails (Physa sp.), or ostracods (Cyprodopsis sp.). After second treatment, temporary reduction in Cyclops and Bosmina, and no significant effects on ostracods, snails, or worms... 

Degitz SJ, Duhan EJ, Tietge JE, et al. (2003) Developmental toxicity of methoprene and several degradation products in Xenopus laevis. Aquatic Toxicology 64 97-105. Dodson SI, Kashian DR, and Peterson JK (2001) Methoprene and 20-OH-ecdysone affect male production of Daphnia pulex. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 20 582-588. 

We compiled homology predictions for these illicit dmg targets for a group of model aquatic species commonly used in environmental risk assessment. They comprised Danio rerio, Daphnia magna, Xenopus laevis and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, plus Synechococcus elongatusandEscherichia coli as prokaryotic representatives for comparison and Drosophila melanogaster to account for effects on insects (Table 14.1). We were not able to include any bentic macroinvertebrate in our selection, since no fully sequenced and annotated genomes are currently available in the databases for model aquatic species. 

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