Danger decomposition

K, slow decomposition. 293K, decomposition. 283 K. 301 K. 293K. Dangerous decomposition possible at higher temperature. ... 

PERSULFATE d AMMONIUM (French) (7727-54-0) A strong oxidizer. Reacts with combustibles, reducing agents, organic materials, finely divided and powdered metals with risk of fire and explosions. Mixture with sodium peroxide produces a friction-, heat-, and water-sensitive explosive. Peroxyacids should be kept away from transition metals as contact can cause dangerous decomposition. Storage in sealed containers may be dangerous. 

Mercuric Chloride. Mercuric c Aon.d.e.[7487-94-7] HgCl2, is also known as corrosive sublimate of mercury or mercury bichloride. It is extremely poisonous, and is particularly dangerous because of high (7 g/L at 25°C) water solubiUty and high vapor pressure. It sublimes without decomposition at 300°C, and has a vapor pressure of 13 Pa (0.1 mm Hg) at 100°C, and 400 Pa (3 mm Hg) at 150°C. The vapor density is high (9.8 g/cm ), and therefore mercuric chloride vapor dissipates slowly (5). 

The purification of Hquid nitro alcohols by distillation should be avoided because violent decompositions and detonation have occurred when distillation was attempted. However, if the distillation of a nitro alcohol cannot be avoided, the utmost caution should be exercised. Reduced pressure should be utilised, ie, ca 0.1 kPa (<1 mm Hg). The temperature of the Hquid should not exceed 100°C hot water should be used as the heating bath. A suitable explosion-proof shield should be placed in front of the apparatus. At any rise in pressure, the distillation should be stopped immediately. The only commercially produced Hquid nitro alcohol, 2-nitro-1-butanol, is not distilled because of the danger of decomposition. Instead, it is isolated as a residue after the low boiling impurities have been removed by vacuum treatment at a relatively low temperature. 

Di(hydroperoxyall l) Peroxides. Low molecular weight di(hydroperoxyalkyl) peroxides (2, X = Y = OOH) are dangerously prone to explosive decomposition when they are pure. Some have been characterized by acylation to the corresponding diperoxyesters (2, X = Y = OOR, ... 

The performance of microwave-assisted decomposition of most difficult samples of organic and inorganic natures in combination with the microwave-assisted solution preconcentration is illustrated by sample preparation of carbon-containing matrices followed by atomic spectroscopy determination of noble metals. Microwave-assisted extraction of most dangerous contaminants, in particular, pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, from soils have been developed and successfully used in combination with polarization fluoroimmunoassay (FPIA) and fluorescence detection. 

The copolymers have been used in the manufacture of extruded pipe, moulded fittings and for other items of chemical plant. They are, however, rarely used in Europe for this purpose because of cost and the low maximum service temperature. Processing conditions are adjusted to give a high amount of crystallinity, for example by the use of moulds at about 90°C. Heated parts of injection cylinders and extruder barrels which come into contact with the molten polymer should be made of special materials which do not cause decomposition of the polymer. Iron, steel and copper must be avoided. The danger of thermal decomposition may be reduced by streamlining the interior of the cylinder or barrel to avoid dead-spots and by careful temperature control. Steam heating is frequently employed. 

The fact that the equilibrium moisture content may be considerable at low humidities is of especial importance in the oven methods. Under ideal conditions no water vapor should be present in the oven, but this is impossible to attain in practice. It is difficult to maintain a dry atmosphere in an air oven, and most commercial vacuum ovens are not air-tight. Thus, the discrepancies in results of different investigators have frequently been traced to different humidities in their ovens. Any attempt to reduce the relative humidity by increasing the oven temperature introduces the danger of error from thermal decomposition. 

The enthalpy ol formation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is —67 kj-mol", and the density of TNT is 1.65 g-cm-3. In principle, it could be used as a rocker fuel, with the gases resulting from its decomposition streaming out of the rocket to give the required thrust. In practice, of course, it would be extremely dangerous as a fuel because it is sensitive to shock. Explore its potential as a rocket fuel by calculating its enthalpy density (enthalpy released per liter) for the reaction... 

Chemical structure and reactivity. A wide variety of chemicals exist that are thermodynamically unstable. These chemicals easily react, usually with a large heat effect. Most of these chemicals can undergo violent self-reaction or decomposition initialized by mechanical shock, friction, or heat. An incomplete list of dangerously reactive groups is given below ... 

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