Cytoplasmic antigens

Answer B. Decreased Factor V secretion and a corresponding accumulation of cytoplasmic antigen suggest a defect in the translocation of the nascent protein to the endoplasmic reticulum. This implies a mutation in the N-terminal amino acid signal sequence required for targeting to the ER and encoded by the first exon of the gene. 

Willingham, M. C. (1983) An alternative fixation-processing method for preembedding nltrastrnctnral immnnocytochemistry of cytoplasmic antigens the GBS procednre. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 31, 791-798. 

The subdiploid DNA peak assay can be used in conjunction with staining for surface/cytoplasmic antigens with an FITC-Iabeled antibody, but when doing this, it is advisable to decrease the propidium iodide concentration from 20 to 5 pg/mL to minimize quenching of F1TC by propidium iodide. 

MICROWAVE HEAT-ENHANCED DOUBLE IMMUNOSTAINING OF NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC ANTIGENS... 

Bohle, R. M., Bonczkowitz, M., Altmannsberger, H. M., and Schulz, A. 1997. Immunohistochemical double staining of microwave enhanced and nonenhanced nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Biotech. Histochem. 72 10-15. 

C20. Clark, G., Reichlin, M., and Tomasi, T. B. J., Characterization of a soluble cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Immunol. 102, 117-122 (1969). 

M5. Maddison, P. J., and Reichlin, M., Deposition of antibodies to a soluble cytoplasmic antigen in the kidneys of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 22, 858-863 (1979). 

Finnern R, Bye JM, Dolman KM, Zhao MM, Short A, Marks JD, Lockwood MC, Ouwehand WH, Molecular characteristic of anti-self antibody fragments against neutrophil cytoplasmic antigens from human V gene phage display libraries, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 102(3) 566-574, 1995. 

Y1/82A A monoclonal antibody detecting a cytoplasmic antigen in human macrophages... 

Smith JL, Finley JC, Lennon VA (1988) Autoantibodies in paraneoplastie cerebellar degeneration bind to cytoplasmic antigens of Purkinje cells in humans, rats and mice and are of multiple immunoglobulin classes. /. Neuroimmunol, 18, 31-4%. 

Weber A, Schachner M (1982) Development and expression of cytoplasmic antigenes in Purkinje cells recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Cell Tissue Res., 227, 659-676. 

FIGURE 3.1 Photomicrograph of cervical biopsy from a patient with herpes simplex virus infection showing abundant nuclear and cytoplasmic antigen. (Immunoperoxidase staining with DAB and hematoxylin counterstain x400.)... 

The true nature of this molecule has been hard to identify unequivocally, however. Recent experiments with antibodies to the 68 kDa laminin receptor have shown that it may be used as a positional marker for dorsal embryonic retina, in a variety of vertebrates (Rabacchi et al., 1990). Similar work by McCaffery et al. (1990) has shown that the dorso-ventral asymmetry of this protein has 4 peculiarities in immunoblots the molecular mass of the receptor is not 68 kDa, but 43 kDa the molecular mass of the protein deduced from cDNA is only 33 kDa (see also Auth and Brawerman, 1992) the antibodies stain a cytoplasmic antigen, not a cell surface protein and, despite the pronounced dorso-ventral difference seen after immunostaining, the 43 kDa protein identified by immunoblotting appears evenly distributed throughout the retina. The authors concluded from sequence homology that the molecule may constitute a translation-initiation factor that reflects asymmetries in some aspect of protein translation. Attempts to further characterize this receptor have been both controversial and difficult, although it is possible that it shares identity with a molecule identified as a joint elastin/laminin receptor (Martin and Timpl, 1987). 

One classic question related to fungi antigens is whether spores or mycelium constitute the better source of antigens. The allergenic composition of spores and mycelium is obviously different (Hoffman et al. 1981). For some subunits, spore extract are more active than those from mycelium (Hoffman et al. 1981 Rosen et al. 1999). For other subunits, located in the cytoplasm, antigens are found both in spores and in mycelium (Paris et al. 1990). The spiculose part of spores contains more antigen compounds than smooth part does (Kaukonen et al. 1993). 

Antibodies directed against extractable nudear and cytoplasmic antigens (Ro/SSA and La/SSB) are found preferentially in Sjbgren s syndrome patients. Anti-SSA is found in 60% of patients and anti-SSB in 50% of patients. Both antibodies are detected using an ELISA technique. The presence of anti-SSA and anti-SSB autoantibodies is associated with earher disease onset, longer disease duration and salivary gland enlargement. 

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