Cytology, tests

Of 23 indinavir-treated patients with persistent pyuria, four had interstitial nephritis, seven had urothelial inflammation, 10 had both interstitial nephritis and urothelial inflammation, and two had non-specific urinary tract inflammation (26). In all, 21 patients had multinucleated histiocytes identified by cytological testing of urine specimens. Urine abnormalities resolved in all 20 patients who stopped taking indinavir, and pyuria persisted in the other 3. Six patients had raised serum creatinine concentrations, which returned to baseline when indinavir was withdrawn. 

RP is usually performed during cystoscopy in patients with hematuria. It is an invasive method and considered the gold standard for detection of TCC, as an additional cytological test can be performed. RP is also limited in cases in which an obstruction is present, as distal to this obstruction, no evaluation of the urothelium is possible. However, RP as well as EU cannot demonstrate the extension of the tumor into the surrounding tissue, and therefore staging of TCC is impossible. 

B. 10. Other effects - Mutagenesis (in vitro mammalian cytogenetic test) B. 11. Other effects - Mutagenesis (in vitro mam al bone marrow cytological test, chromosomal analysis)... 

Protoanemonin, which has been isolated from Anemone pulsatilla and Ranunculus spp., was reported to inhibit root growth by slowing down metabolism and blocking mitosis 35). Erickson and Rosen 35) observed cytological effects in corn root tips at concentrations of 10M and lower. Cells undergoing division appeared to accumulate in the interphase or prophase stages. Metaphase, anaphase, and telophase stages were not observed. Cytoplasmic and vacuolar structures were disturbed and the presence of mitochondria could not be demonstrated in treated tissue. Thimann and Bonner 141) reported that protoanemonin was 10 to 30 times more inhibitory than coumarin in coleoptile and split pea stem tests, and that BAL prevented the inhibitory action. 

No cases of bladder tumors were found in an epidemiology study of 259 workers exposed to dry and semi-dry 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine base and hydrochloride. Cytological analyses of the urine (Papanicolaou tests) were negative. Workers were exposed to an average of less than 16 years each to 3,3 -dichloro-benzidine, which means that an adequate exposure dmation and/or the latent period following exposm-e may not have been reached for tumor expression (MacIntyre 1975). 

Animal studies in cynomolgus monkeys have not found evidence of increased pulmonary reactivity to vanadium pentoxide after repeated exposures cytological/immunologic and skin test results also indicated the absence of allergic sensitization. ... 

This test is usually much more sensitive, but considerably more expensive and slower, than the dominant-lethal test,131 and it deals with a clearly defined type of mutation that is transmitted to and scored in viable offspring. Males are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated females. Male progeny (usually derived only from post-sperroatogonial treatments) are tested for translocations by the fertility test or the cytogenetic test. In the fertility test, males are tested, usually with a sequential procedure, to determine fertility rates.137 Animals suspected of having a translocation (because of decreased fertility) are then subjected to cytologic examination. 

Eggs produced in these early experiments were infertile, and histological examination revealed that (a) spermatozoa had not reached the recepta-culum and (b) the testes showed some cytological abnormalities. Subsequent work (788) showed that, for normal maturation, insemination and fertilisation to occur in vitro, the following conditions were necessary. 

Effects of the test substance on renal parameters should be assessed. For example, urinary volume, specific gravity, osmolality, pH, fluid/electrolyte balance, proteins, cytology, and blood chemistry determinations such as blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and plasma proteins can be used. 

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