Cytological procedures

Grove, G.L. Exfoliative cytological procedures as a nonintrusive method for dermatogerontological studies. J. Invest. Dermatol. 1979, 73 67-9. 

Today, however, most cytological procedures employ fixatives produced by the companies which produce the instrumentation for cytological sample preparation examples include SurePath (now known as BD Diagnostics-Tripath, Burlington,... 

NC, USA) and Cytyc (Marlboro, MA, USA). When several different spectral cytology fixatives were tested, the fixation of individual exfoliated cells was shown to cause relatively small spectral changes, in contrast to earlier reports where there was a heavy dependence on fixation [14]. (These results are presented in Section 5.3.1.) As the present cytology procedures involved use of the SurePath method, a SurePath preservative fiuid was used as fixative this was an aqueous solution containing ca. 25% ethanol and a few percent of isopropanol and methanol. 

Different cytological procedures, discussed separately here, are used in the different hybridization methods according to the sequence given in Table 11.1. 

This test is usually much more sensitive, but considerably more expensive and slower, than the dominant-lethal test,131 and it deals with a clearly defined type of mutation that is transmitted to and scored in viable offspring. Males are exposed to the test substance and mated to untreated females. Male progeny (usually derived only from post-sperroatogonial treatments) are tested for translocations by the fertility test or the cytogenetic test. In the fertility test, males are tested, usually with a sequential procedure, to determine fertility rates.137 Animals suspected of having a translocation (because of decreased fertility) are then subjected to cytologic examination. 

Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy This technique is associated with the risk of tumour cell spreading. The frequency of subcutaneous implantation metastases is reported to be 2% they generally appear within 3 months. When this procedure is indicated, the bleeding risk from the usually hypervascularized tumour must also be taken into account. The cytologic-diagnostic sensitivity is 80-85% of cases specificity is 97-100%. (31-33, 128)... 

This section contains spectral results collected from entire individual cells, with the specific aim of differentiating between cell types that occur in samples of cells. The long-range goal of these studies has been the development of a completely automatic method to perform spectral cytology-that is, to analyze a sample of exfoliated cells (e.g., cervical cells obtained during the Pap cervical cancer screening procedure) for the presence of abnormal cells. 

Careful sample preparation, quality control of all staining and instrumentation procedures, and the use of immunohisto-logic or cytologic controls are essential for high-quality flow cytometric analysis. The technique has been used successfully... 

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