Cystourethrography

Bladder rupture is a risk of cystourethrography. In two children with myelomeningoceles and ventricnloperito-neal shunts, bladder rupture had particularly serious consequences. The diatrizoate that was used passed into the peritoneal cavity and then via the shunt into the cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid space, causing tonic convnl-sions (SEDA-17, 538). 

Bettenay F, de Campo J. Allergic reaction following micturating cystourethrography. Urol Radiol 1989 ll(3) 167-8. 

Traditional radiological exams such as retrograde urethrography and micturition cystourethrography are considered the standard imaging techniques for... 

Posterior urethral stenoses can be studied with voiding cystourethrography and voiding cystoure-throsonography and may be divided into vesical neck obstructive syndrome and post-prostatectomy stenosis. 

Voiding cystourethrography allows identification of the dynamically most important stenosis as well as... 

Stenoses due to pelvic fracturing, on the other hand, affect almost exclusively the membranous urethra. They can be easily investigated with retrograde urethrography and voiding cystourethrography, but are difficult to explore with sonourethrography. 

Fistulae developing in the posterior urethra are better detected using voiding cystourethrography. CT is used for monitoring and identifying the extent of the periurethral and periprostatic fluid collections. 

Avni EF, Hall M, Schulman CC (1998) Congenital urone-phropathies is routine voiding cystourethrography always warranted Clin Radiol 53 247-250 Bartram U, Darge K (2005) Harmonic versus conventional ultrasound imaging ofthe urinary tract in children. Pediatr Radiol 35 655-660... 

Potter R, Kopp W, Klein E et al (1986) Unstable bladder in children functional evaluation by modified voiding cystourethrography. Radiology 161 811-813... 

Paltiel HJ, Rupich RC, Kiruluta HG (1992) Enhanced detection of vesicoureteral reflux in infants and children with use of cyclic voiding cystourethrography. Radiology 184 753-755... 

Tseng MH, Lin WJ, Lo WT, Wang SR, Chu ML, Wang CC (2007) Does a normal DMSA obviate the performance of voiding cystourethrography in evaluation of young children after their first urinary tract infection J Pediatr 150 96-99... 

In a second step the video-urodynamic study itself is performed. Fluoroscopic video-cystourethrography is performed intermittently during the filling and storage phases. Fluoroscopy of voiding demands that micturition be performed in the erect position in older children, and for this a simple funnel-shaped device to fit the female perineum is utilized. 

Fig. 6.3. Suprapubic voiding cystourethrography in a neonate with posterior urethral valves. A high-capacity heavily trabeculated bladder was opacified. Distended posterior urethra. Valves are ballooned by contrast medium ( sail in the wind sign)...

After voiding cystourethrography (VCU), iodin-ated contrast medium is aspirated, and the bladder is slowly drained by the catheter. Electrocoagulation of the valves is performed during the following hours. Because the bladder catheter cannot be left inside the bladder for an extended period, and because there is severe alteration of the bladder contractility, renal diversion is frequently required during the first few months of life (bilateral neph-... 

Diagnosing VUR 212 Voiding Cystourethrography 212 Direct Radionuclide Cystography 215 Indirect Radionuclide Cystography 216 Ultrasound 216 Intravenous Urography 218... 

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