Cyclosporine renin-angiotensin system

Mason J, Muller-Schweinitzer E, Dupont M, Casellas D, Mihatsch M, Moore L, Kaskel F. Cyclosporine and the renin-angiotensin system. Kidney int Supp11991 32 S28-S32. 

Julien J, Farge D, Kreft-Jais C, GuyeneTT, Plouin PE, Houssin D, Carpentier A, Corvol P. Cyclosporine-induced stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system after liver and heart transplantation. Transplantation 1993 56 885-891. 

Yang CW, Ahn FIJ, Kim WY, 5hin MJ, Kim 5K, Park JFI, Kim YO, Kim Y5, Kim J, Bang BK. Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on epidermal growth factor expression in normal and cyclosporine-treated rat kidney. Kidney Int 2001 60 847-857. 

A dose-related hemodynamic mechanism is likely dnring the initial months of therapy since renal fnnction improves rapidly following dose rednction. Reversible vasoconstriction and injnry to glomerular afferent arterioles occurs, possibly due to increased activity of vasoconstrictors, including thromboxane A2, endothelin, and the sympathetic nervous system, or diminished activity of vasodilators, nitric oxide, or prostacyclin. Vasoconstriction due to increased renin-angiotensin system activity may also contribute. In contrast renal arteriolar hyaflnization and chronic renal ischemia as well as increased extracellular matrix synthesis appear to contribute to cyclosporine-induced chronic kidney disease. ... 

The interaction of cyclosporine with the plasma and tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems (RAS) has been extensively studied [21, 22]. Sodium depletion, a condition that stimulates renin release, enhances acute CSA nephrotoxicity [23, 24]. In rats, CSA treatment enhanced plasma renin activity (PRA) [21, 25, 26], increased renal renin content [21], promoted juxtaglomerular hypertrophy and hyperplasia [27,... 

Stanek B, Kovarik J, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Silberbauer K. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasopressin in cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients. Clin Nephrol 1987 28 186-189. 

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