1- Cyclohexyl-3- carbodiimide

Bis(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) Disulfide Bis(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) Sulfide Bis(2-fluoroethyl) 2-Chloroethylamine Bis(2-fluoroethyl)methylamine Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Sulfide Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Thioether Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamine Bis(2-propenyl) Sulfide Bis(bromomethyl) Ether Bis(chloromethyl) Ether Bis(cyclohexyl)carbodiimide Bis(ethenyl)sulfone Bis(trichloromethyl) Carbonate Bis(/3-bromoethyl) Sulfide Bis(/3-chloroethyl)ethylamine Bis(/3-Chloroethyl)methylamine Bis(/3-chloroethylthio)ethane Bis(/3-mercaptoethyl) Sulfide... 

However, side reactions, such as formation of ether groups or cychzation, were not investigated. Turner et al. [11] reported on the Bu2Sn(OAc)2-catalyzed polycondensation of 5-(2 -hydroxyethoxy) isophthalic acid in bulk at 190 °C. Dimethyl isophthalate served as core monomer in several experiments. Polycondensation promoted by bis(cyclohexyl)carbodiimide (DCC) were reported for the aromatic monomer (f), Formula 11.1 [35]. The mild reaction conditions prevented transesterification, but only low molar mass polyesters (Mw < 17 kDa) were obtained. Similar molar masses were achieved by Voit et al. [36] for carbodiimide promoted polycondensations of the triazene monomers (b) and (c), Formula 11.4. Somewhat more successful were DCC-activated polycondensations of trifunctional oligo(e-caprolactone)s such as (d), Formula 11.4, reported by Hedrick et al. [37, 38]. Syntheses of LC polyesters from monomers (e), Formula 11.4, and isomers were achieved by means of thionyl chloride and pyridine [39]. 

The reaction of -ATPa.se with N-cyclohexyl-N -(4-dimethyl-amino-a-naphthyl)carbodiimide (NCD-4)... 

Abbreviations EPR, electron paramagnetic resonance FITC, fluorescein-5 -isothiocyanate lAEDANS, iV-iodoacetyl-N -(5-sulfo-l-naphthyl)ethylenediamine NCD, fluorescent yV-cyclohexyl-N -(4-dimethyl-amino-a-naphthyl)carbodiimide RITC, rhodamine-5 -isothiocyanate DPPE, dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine PE, egg phosphatidyl-ethanolamine ANS, 8-anilino-l-naphthalene sulfonate DPH, diphenylhexatriene e-ADP, l,iV -ethanoadenosine-5 -diphosphate TNP-ADP, 2 [3 ]-0-(2,4,6-trinitrophe-nyl)adenosine-5 -diphosphate. 

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry Lower limit of detection Limit of detection Limit of quantitation Florseshoe crab hemocyanin Liquid scintillation counting Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization mass spectrometry m -Maleimidobenzoy 1-A -Hydroxysuccinimide 1 -Cyclohexyl-3-(2-Morptiolino-ethyl)carbodiimide rnetlio-/ -Toluenesulfonate (same as CDI)... 

The N-3 position of uracil also can be modified with carbodiimide reagents. In particular, the water-soluble carbodiimide CMC [l-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl) carbodiimide, as the metho p-toluene sulfonate salt] can react with the N-3 nitrogen at pH 8 to give an unstable, charged adduct. The derivative is reversible at pH 10.5, regenerating the original nucleic acid base (Figure 1.47). Cytosine is unreactive in this process. 

Metz, D.H., and Brown, G.L. (1969) The investigation of nucleic acid secondary structure by means of chemical modification with a carbodiimide reagent. I. The reaction between N-cyclohexyl-N -b-(4-methylmorpholinium)ethyl carbodiimide and model nucleotides. Biochemistry 8, 2312-2328. 

Cyclization of A-acyl-oc-amino acids under acidic reaction conditions is sometimes problematic due to the difficulty in separation of the desired oxazolone from by-products while avoiding decomposition of the reactive oxazolone. This finding is particularly true in the case of 2-phenyl-5(47i)-oxazolone, an interesting compound that is a very useful intermediate to prepare a variety of novel products. The use of carbodiimides as dehydrating agents has been described as a means to improve the results. In particular, treatment of an A-acyl-a-amino acid with A-cyclohexyl-A -2-(A-methylmorpholinio)ethylcarbodiimide p-toluensulfo-nate (Scheme 7.25) is especially useful as a general synthesis of the desired saturated 5(47i)-oxazolones 101 in excellent yields.This same carbodiimide was used to study the kinetics of the formation of saturated 5(47i)-oxazolones from N-protected dipeptides... 

A good source of uncommon bases is tRNA. It provides substrates for studying the effect of base on the rate of hydrolysis. Baev et al. (62) showed that V2-dimethylguanylyl-(3 -5 )-cytidine-3 phosphate (G2m-pCp) was hydrolyzed much slower than the usual GpCp. Venkstern (63) reported that Tp was hydrolyzed very slowly. Naylor et al. (64) found that Cp was hydrolyzed with half the rate of CpU. The same group of workers introduced (64, 65) a chemical block on uridine and pseudo-uridine residues by reacting RNA with l-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpho-liny]-(4)-ethyl)-carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate. The modification of the uridine residues completely blocked the action of venom exonuclease and also blocked the action of pancreatic RNase. 

Moffatt et al.13 mentioned that other carbodiimides, such as diisopropylcarbodii-mide, can be used in place of DCC. Carbodiimides, other than DCC and EDC, occasionally employed in this oxidation include diethylcarbodiimide19 and 1 -cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate.20 It... 

Table 2.2. lists activators used less commonly for Moffatt oxidations. The following activators, namely diphosgene,262 triphosgene,263 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride,264 l-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate,265 triphenylphosphine dibromide and dichloride,266 and phenyl dichlorophosphate,267 have been the subject of scientific monographs, in which they are proposed as suitable and convenient alternatives to more routinely used activators, and can offer improved oxidation conditions in some substrates. 

OX AZOLINE-5 -ONES 1 Cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate. 

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