2- cyclohexanone cyclopentanone

Aldehydes and ketones such as acetaldehyde, ben2aldehyde, acetone, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, and methyl ethyl ketone have been condensed with CPD in the presence of alkaline agents to produce colored hilvene derivatives. A typical condensation with a ketone is depicted as follows ... 

A variety of aliphatic and aromatic ketones have been investigated (cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, acetophenone, p-nitroacetophenone) and they all usually lead to 2-R -3-R"-5-nitropyridine in moderate to good yields. Better yields were recorded when enamines of the respective ketones were used. With aldehydes the yields are in general lower than with ketones. 

The above is an example of the Guareschi reaction. It is applicable to most dialkyl ketones and to alicyclic ketones (e.g., cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, etc.). The condensation product (I) is probably formed by a simple Knoe-venagel reaction of the ketone and ethyl cyanoacetate to yield ethyl a-cyano-PP-dimethylacrylate (CH2)2C=C(CN)COOC2H6, followed by a Michael addition of a second molecule of ethyl cyanoacetate finally, the carbethoxyl groups are converted to the cyclic imide structure by the action of ammonia. 

The hypothesis that nitrocellulose is capable of forming solvates with certain solvents has been confirmed by X-rays analysis. Hess et al. [37] have established that nitrocellulose reacts to form microcrystalline addition compounds with many solvents acetone, methyl nitrate, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone and camphor. Despite the fact that other workers (Desmaroux and Mathieu [38]) have not fully confirmed the results of Hess s experiments, they are most probably correct. 

The kinetics of the potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)-catalysed oxidation of glucose with ammonium peroxodisulfate have been studied.82 The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of some cycloalkanols by alkaline Fe(CN) have been reported.83 The same group has also studied the oxidation of cycloalkanones under comparable conditions and determined the order of reactivity as cyclohexanone > cyclopentanone > cyclo-octanone > cycloheptanone.84 Palladium(II) has been found to catalyse the oxidation of formaldehyde, thiourea, and thioacetamide by alkaline Fe(CN)g, whereas no effect is observed in the oxidation of acetaldehyde.85 The orders of reaction have been determined and a mechanism was proposed. 

T rifluoroacetone Cyclohexanone Cyclopentanone Acetophenone 0t,0t-Dichloroacetophenone T rifluoroacetophenone Methyl pyruvateb... 

The procedure described herein demonstrates a general synthetic method to form a-methylene ketones by direct methylene transfer. A number of methods have been previously described and reviewed.2 3 The advantages of direct methylene transfer for the formation of a-methylene ketones are the aprotic, nearly neutral conditions utilized. Although the reaction is not regiospecific, it is highly sensitive to steric hindrance, and transfer occurs at the less hindered site of unsymmetrical ketones. The reaction has been applied to cyclic and acyclic ketones4 and extended to the synthesis of vinyl ketones3 and a-methylenealdehydes. It is not applicable to y- or 8-lactones, or strained cyclic ketones such as norcamphor or cyclobutanone. With cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, or aldehydes as substrates, pre-formation of the iminium intermediate... 

Cyclohexanone Cyclopentanone trans-trans-2,4-Decadienal A-Decalactone Decanal dimethyl acetal... 

Cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, benzaldehyde, />-methylacetophenone, ethyl bromoacetate, and ethyl chloroacetate were obtained from commercial sources. They were used without further purification. Xylene (ortho, 99%) was obtained from Aldrich and distilled over NaAlH4. Diethyl ether (Fisher... 

Ketones, Aliphatic and Alicyclic Acetone Camphor Chloroacetone Cyclohexanone Cyclopentanone 1,1 -Di chloroacetone 1,3-Dichloroacetone... 

In general it may be stated that ease of formation of dioxolans and other acetals and ketals is rou ly in the order aldehydes > acyclic ketones and cyclohexanones > cyclopentanones > o , 3-unsaturated ketones > a-mono- and di-substituted ketones > aromatic ketones, though variations in this order may be experienced as a result of additional steric or electronic factors. Use of this general principle, and judicious choice of experimental conditions, generally makes possible selective dioxolan formation in polycarbonyl compounds this subject has been extensively reviewed in the steroid field (Ref. l,pp. 3-17). 

SbCla, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, diisopropylketone, butan-2-one, isophorone, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, dimethylformamide, mesityl oxide, nitrobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, hexamethyl phosphoric acid triamide, tricresyl phosphate, mixtures of acetone... 

Acetone/carbon disulfide, chlorobenzene, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, DMF, DMSO, MEK, nitrobenzene, THF... 

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