Cyclohexane catalytic cracking

Thus, the addition of cyclohexane, xylene, and cumene hydroperoxide demonstrate the various effects on the catalytic cracking kinetics by molecules which do not compete, compete with near equal strengiSi, and strongly compete with the reactant for adsorption on catalyst sites. 

Fig. 5.1. Chromatograms of products of catalytic cracking (A) without reactor and (B) with reactor. Sorbent, 11% quinoline on refractory brick temperature, 25 C column length, 10.5 m. Peaks 1 = propane 2 = propylene 3 = isobutane 4 = n-butane 5 = isobutene 6 = butene-1 7 = rmns-butene-2 8 = cis-butene-2 9 = isopentane 10 = 3-methylbutene-l 11 = n-pentane 12 = pentene-1 13 = 2,2-dimethylbutene 14 = 2-methylbutene-l 15 = tnms-pentene-2 16 = cfsi)entene-2 17 = 2-methyl-butene-2 18 = 2,3-dimethylbutane 19 = 2-methylpentane 20 = 3-methylpentane 21 = 3-methylpen-tene-1 22 = 4-methylpentene-l 23 = c -4-methylpentene-2 24 = cyclopentane 25 = 2,3-dimethyl-butene-1 26 = fmns-4-methylpentene-2 27 = w-hexane 28 = cyclopentene 29 = 2-methylpentene-l 30 = hexene-1 31 = 2,4-dimethylpentane 32 = cis-hexene-3 33 = tnms-hexene-3 34 = 2-ethylbu-tene-1 35 = trans-hexene-2 36 = methylcyclopentane 37 = cis-methylpentene-2 38 = 2-methylpen-tene-2 39 = pisns-3-methylpentene-2 40 = methylcyclopentene-4 41 = 4-methylcyclopentene 42 = cw-3-methylpentene-2 43 = 2,3-dimethylpentane 44 = 2-methylheptane 45 = 2,3-dimethylbutene-2 46 = methylheptane 47 = cyclohexane 48 = C, olefin. Reprinted with permission from ref. 1.

Cyclopentane is a petroleum product. It is formed from high-temperature catalytic cracking of cyclohexane or by reduction of cyclopentadiene. It occurs in petroleum ether fractions and in many commercial solvents. It is used as a solvent for paint, in extractions of wax and fat, and in the shoe industry. 

The current raw material base for the production of nylon 66 is benzene, which is derived almost entirely from catalytic cracking and reforming of petroleum. Catalytic reduction of benzene to cyclohexane followed by catalyzed air oxidation gives a... 

The temperature of zeolite samples containing various adsorbed molecules was switched from room temperature to 500-600 K within 30-40 seconds by means of a laser beam. Catalytic n-alkane cracking and H-D exchange with deuterated cyclohexane were monitored by IH MAS NMR in time steps of down to one second. A two-dimensional representation of the chemical shift and the chemical reaction of the species will be given, allowing a good characterization of reaction steps. At low temperature a weak proton transfer without chemical reaction can be observed, whereas at 430 K and 530 K the proton transfer is accompanied, respectively, by an isomerization or a decomposition to methane and coke. In addition to the effect of high temperature, the laser radiation itself can force the conversion of alkanes to methane and coke. 

Today, benzene is one of the most important commercial organic chemicals. Approximately 17 billion pounds are produced annually in the United States alone. Benzene is obtained mostly from petroleum by catalytic reforming of alkanes and cycloalkanes or by cracking certain gasoline fractions. It is used to make styrene, phenol, acetone, cyclohexane, and other industrial chemicals. 

The two most common reforming processes are cracking, as illustrated by the thermal conversion of ethane to ethylene (Section 2.9A), and catalytic reforming. Catalytic reforming is illustrated by the conversion of hexane first to cyclohexane and then to benzene. 

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