3 ,5 -cyclic monophosphate sodium salt

Adenosine 3, 5 -cyclic monophosphate sodium salt monohydrate (cAMP) (Sigma-Aldrich), 1 mM in phosphate buffer. Store 100 pL aliquots at -20°C. Dilute before use to 10 mM with phosphate buffer. 

Cyclic phosphoric esters, especially adenosine 3, 5 -monophosphate (cAMP) and to a lesser extent guanosine 3, 5 -monophosphate (cGMP), are ubiquitous intracellular secondary messenger substances which play an important role in biochemistry. X-ray structures and NMR data have been reported and their conformations are shown in Figure 2 (see also an X-ray structural determination of the sodium salt (82JA3398)). 

Protein kinase A (PKA) activation with adenosine 3, 5 -cyclic adenosine monophosphate, N, 02-dibutyryl, sodium salt (db-cAMP) resulted in a reduction of... 

A comparative study of the products of dehydration of the dihydrogen monophosphates of polyvalent cations showed that the stable end-products for cations with ionic radii between 0.57 and 1.03 A. (Cu++, Mg++, Ni++, Co++, Fe++, Mn++, Zn"1-1", Cd++, A1+++) are tetrametaphosphates. When the cations are either larger or smaller the end-products of dehydration are crystalline high-molecular polyphosphates (Li+, Be++, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ag+, Zn++, Cd++, Hg++, Ca++, Sr++, Ba++ Pb++, Cr+++, Fe+++, Bi+++). In the case of the alkali salts only sodium trimetaphosphate occurs as a condensed phosphate with a cyclic anion (304, 305). Up to the present, an alkali tctrametaphosphate has not been observed as the dehydration product of a dihydrogen monophosphate. Consequently, alkali tetrametaphosphates arc obtainable only indirectly. Reference is made later (Section IV,C,4) to the fact that the tetraphosphates of barium, lead, and bismuth are formed as crystalline phases from melts of the corresponding composition. There are also reports of various forms of several condensed phosphates of tervalent iron and aluminum (31, 242, 369). 

Q6 The precise mechanism of action of lithium is not known. It seems to affect (inhibit or block) mechanisms mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphatidylinositol/diacylglycerol secondary messengers. It may inhibit the release of noradrenaline and dopamine. Lithium has the ability to compete with or replace sodium ions in the body, and its excretion is related to sodium levels if sodium is depleted, lithium is retained and its toxicity increases. Lithium salts take several days (up to a week) to exert a therapeutic effect. 

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