Dicarboxylic acids cyclic

A very successful approach to the preparation of starch-based emulsion stabilizers has been the development of polysaccharide derivatives of substituted dicarboxylic acids by Caldwell and Wurzburg (4). The invention involves the treatment of starch with substituted cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides having the following structural formula ... 

Since oxiranes are representative heterocyclic monomers containing an endo-cyclic heteroatom, and the most commonly polymerised of such monomers, they have been subjected to copolymerisations with heterocyclic monomers containing both an endocyclic and an exocyclic heteroatom. Coordination copolymerisations of heterocyclic monomers with different functions are focused on oxirane copolymerisation with cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride and cyclic carbonate. However, the statistical copolymerisation of heterocyclic monomers with an endocyclic heteroatom and monomers with both endocyclic and exocyclic heteroatoms have only a limited importance. Also, the block copolymerisation of oxirane with lactone or cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride is of interest both from the synthetic and from the mechanistic point of view. Block copolymerisation deserves special interest in terms of the exceptionally wide potential utility of block copolymers obtained from comonomers with various functions. It should be noted, however, that the variety of comonomers that might be subjected to a random, alternating and block polymerisation involving a nucleophilic attack on the coordinating monomer is rather small. 

The system for naming cyclic dicarboxylic acids treats the carboxyl groups as substituents on the cyclic structure. 

Patty, F.A., Editor (1963) Aromatic and Cyclic Dicarboxylic Acid Esters. Industrial Hygiene and Technology. Volume II, Interscience Publishers. 

Table 11.7-1. Pig liver esterase-catalyzed enantiotopos-differentiating hydrolysis of prochiral cyclic dicarboxylic acid diesters in aqueous solution.

Table 11.1-12. Lipase-catalyzed enantiotopos-differentiating hydrolysis of prochiral acyclic and cyclic dicarboxylic acid diesters in aqueous solution (CCL Candida cylindracea lipase, PPL pig pancreas lipase, PSL Pseudomonas sp. lipase, CVL Chromobacterium viscosum lipase,...

Synthesis of cyclic dicarboxylic acids according to Alder-Bickert... 

Definition Modified soybean oil where some of the unsaturation is converted to a cyclic dicarboxylic acid... 

Polycondensation of diols with derivatives of dicarboxylic acids (e.g., cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, dicarboxylic acid chlorides, or dicarboxylic acid... 

An important source of cyclic dicarboxylic acids involves oxidative cleavage of bicyclic alkenes. cis-Cyclopentane dicarboxylic acid was prepared by ozonolysis of norbomene and then converted to its dimethyl ester (7.36). Kinetic resolution of... 

Finally, a synthetic approach should be mentioned yielding polyamides containing cyclic OESs as part of the repeating unit [78]. The cyclic dicarboxylic acid (53c) was prepared from (53a) and (53b) by a conventional procedure and polycondensed with 4,4 -diamino-diphenylmethane using the triphenylphosphite-pyridine method. 

Optically active stereoregular polyamides with restricted rotation around the amide bond derived from polycondensation of trans cyclic dicarboxylic acids (XXa-e) and of various diamines piperidine (PID), piperazine (PIP), trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine(DMPIP), 7V,A -dimethylethylene diamine (DMED) and more recently 2,6-diazaspiro-3,3-heptane (DSH) [50]. 

Regioselectivity of C—C double bond formation can also be achieved in the reductiv or oxidative elimination of two functional groups from adjacent carbon atoms. Well estab llshed methods in synthesis include the reductive cleavage of cyclic thionocarbonates derivec from glycols (E.J. Corey, 1968 C W. Hartmann, 1972), the reduction of epoxides with Zn/Nal or of dihalides with metals, organometallic compounds, or Nal/acetone (seep.lS6f), and the oxidative decarboxylation of 1,2-dicarboxylic acids (C.A. Grob, 1958 S. Masamune, 1966 R.A. Sheldon, 1972) or their r-butyl peresters (E.N. Cain, 1969). 

Reactions of alkanedicarboxylic acids with sulfur tetrafluoride afford, in general, mixtures of bis(trifluorQmethyI)allcanes, cyclic 0(,a,a, a -tetrafluoro ethers, linear bis(pentafluoroalkyl) ethers, and polyfluoroethers The cyclic ethers constitute the major products of the reactions with alkane-1,2 dicarboxyhc acids, they are also formed in the reactions with alkane-1,3-dicarboxylic acids but not with 1,1- nor 1,4-dicarboxylic acids [211] (equation 105)... 

The reaction of cyclohexane-cw-1,2-dicarboxylic acid with sulfur tetrafluoride affords the correspoding cyclic ether in a 70% yield with very limited formation of the bis(trifluoromethyl) derivative [2IJ] (equation 107)... 

Cyclic anhydrides in which the ring is five- or six-rnembered are sometimes prepared by heating the conesponding dicarboxylic acids in an inert solvent ... 

Treatment of imides of dicarboxylic acids with organometallic compounds forms cyclic enamines such as 18 and 19 (64-69). 

One of the most actively investigated aspects of enamine chemistry has been the acylation process (i). Initial intensive studies by Hiinig (373-375) showed the ease of preparing a variety of 9-diketones and particularly the synthetic potential of acylated cyclic ketones as intermediates in the preparation of aliphatic keto acids, keto dicarboxylic acids and diketo dicarboxylic acids (376-378). 

With a mixed anhydride two different arylketones may be formed. Reaction of a cyclic anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid, e.g. succinic anhydride, leads to formation of an arylketo acid. ... 

Symmetrical anhydrides of unsubslituted monocarboxylic acids and cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids are named by replacing the word acid with anhydride. 

Russell and coworkers147 had found that treatment of dimsyl anion 88 or of a similar methylsulfonyl carbanion with 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-dicarboxylic acid esters can give five- to seven-membered cyclic compounds. By this type of cyclization, they prepared ninhydrin hydrate 106 from diethyl phthalate148,149. 

The scope of this reaction is similar to that of 10-21. Though anhydrides are somewhat less reactive than acyl halides, they are often used to prepare carboxylic esters. Acids, Lewis acids, and bases are often used as catalysts—most often, pyridine. Catalysis by pyridine is of the nucleophilic type (see 10-9). 4-(A,A-Dimethylamino)pyridine is a better catalyst than pyridine and can be used in cases where pyridine fails. " Nonbasic catalysts are cobalt(II) chloride " and TaCls—Si02. " Formic anhydride is not a stable compound but esters of formic acid can be prepared by treating alcohols " or phenols " with acetic-formic anhydride. Cyclic anhydrides give monoesterified dicarboxylic acids, for example,... 

The reaction has been performed on dicarboxylic acids, whereupon cyclic ketones are obtained... 

Polymers with hetero-atoms in the chain are suitable for chemical recycling of waste materials. In addition to depolymerisation (nylon 6) and solvolysis (nylon 6,6, PETP, PU) the degradation of aliphatic polyamides with dicarboxylic acids, diamines and cyclic anhydrides, especially trimellitic anhydride, becomes more and more important. The utilisation of the obtained fragments is described. 

So far, various dicarboxylic acid derivatives, dicarboxylic acids, their activated and non-activated esters, cyclic acid anhydrides, and polyanhydrides have been polymerized with glycols through lipase catalysis to give polyesters. 

A novel chemoenzymatic route to polyester polyurethanes was developed without employing highly toxic isocyanate intermediates. First, diurethane diols were prepared from cyclic carbonates and primary diamines, which were subsequently polymerized with dicarboxylic acids and glycols by using lipase CA as catalyst, yielding the polyurethanes under mild reaction conditions. 

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