Cyanophycin synthetase

A potentially active area is the in vitro synthesis of proteins via dipeptidyl transferase and cyanophycin synthetase. In specific cases these enzymes may perhaps be useful. Potential handicaps of this approach in the commercial context are the lack of general availability and higher costs of these two enzymes. 

Berg, H., Ziegler, K., Piotukh, K., Baier, K., Lockau, W., and Volkmer-Engert, R. (2000) Biosynthesis of the cyanobacterial reserve polymer multi-L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin) Mechanism of the cyanophycin synthetase reaction studied with synthetic primers. Eur.J. Biochem., 267, 5561-5570. 

Ziegler, K., Deutzmann, R., and Lockau, W. (2002) Cyanophycin synthetase-like enzymes of non-cyanobacterial eubacteria characterization of the polymer produced by a recombinant synthetase of Desulfitobacterium hafniense. Z. Naturforsch., 57c, 522-529. 

In this chapter, we focus on the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHA) and cyanophycin (cyanophycin granule polyperptide, CGP) and the key enzymes PHA synthase (PhaC) and cyanophycin synthetase (CphA), respectively. Both polymers are synthesized by template-independent processes. The issue of template dependency and template independency will be illustrated in more detail with polymers consisting of amino acids. 

Ziegler, K., Stephan, D.P., Pistorius, E.K., Ruppel, H.G., and Lockau, W. (2001) A mutant of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 lacking cyanophycin synthetase growth properties and ultrastructural aspects. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 196,13-18. 

Hai, T., Oppermann-Sanio, F.B., and Steinbtichel, A. (1999) Purification and characterization of cyanophycin and cyanophycin synthetase from the thermophylic Synechococcus sp. MA19. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 181, 229-236. 

J.P., and Steinbtichel, A. (2010) Establishment of cyanophycin biosynthesis in Pichia pastoris and optimization by use of engineered cyanophycin synthetases. Appl. 

U., Staiger, D., Lockau, W., Pistorius, E.K., and Broer, I. (2008) Plastid targeting strategies for cyanophycin synthetase to achieve high-level polymer accumulation in Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Eiotechnol. J., 6, 321-336. 

Mechanism of the cyanophycin synthetase reaction studied with synthetic primers. Eur. J. Biochem.,... 

Aboulmagd, E., Oppermann-Sanio, F.B., and Steinbiichel, A. (2001) Purification of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6308 cyanophycin synthetase and its characterization with respect to substrate and primer specificity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67,... 

Arai, T., and Kino, K. (2008) A cyanophycin synthetase from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 catalyzes primer-independent cyanophycin synthesis. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 81, 69-78. 

Krehenbrink, M., and Steinbiichel, A. (2004) Partial purification and characterization of a non-cyanobacterial cyanophycin synthetase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain ADP1 with regard to substrate specificity, substrate affinity and binding to cyanophycin. Microbiology, 150, 2599-2608. 

Berg, H. (2003) Untersuchungen zu Funktion und Struktur der Cyanophycin-Synthetase von Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Dissertation. Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Germany. 

Steinle, A., and Steinbiichel, A. (2008) Cyanophycin synthetases, in Protein Engineering Handbook (eds S. Lutz and U.T. Bornscheuer), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 829-848. 

A. (2006) Activation of cyanophycin synthetase of Nostoc ellipsosporum strain NE1 by truncation at the carboxy-terminal region. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 72, 7652-7660. 

Aboulmagd E, Voss I, Oppermann-Sanio FB, Steinbiichel A (2001) Heterologous expression of cyanophycin synthetase and cyanophycin synthesis in the industrial relevant bacteria Corynebacterium glutamicum and Ralstonia eutropha and in Pseudomonas putida. Biomacromolecules 2 1338-1342... 

Hai, T., Frey, K.M., Steinbiichel, A., 2006. Engineered cyanophycin synthetase cpha) from Nostoc ellipsosporum confers enhanced cpha activity and cyanophycin accumulation to Escherichia coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, 7652-7660. 

Tseng, W.C., Fang, T.Y., Cho, C.Y, Chen, PS., Tsai, C.S., 2012. Assessments of growth conditions on the production of cyanophycin by recombinant Escherichia coli strains expressing cyanophycin synthetase gene. Biotechnology Progress 28,358-363. 

Tsenga, W.C., Fang, T.Y., Changb, K.C., Pan, C.L., 2013. Expression of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 cyanophycin synthetase in Lactococcus lactis nisin-controUed gene expression system (NICE) and cyanophycin production. Biochemical Engineering Journal 78,114-119. 

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