Azobis cyanopentanoic acid

ACPA azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) AIBN azobis isobutyronitrile) BPO benzoyl peroxide DVB divinyl benzene, EGA 2-ethylcyano-acrylate HPC hydroxypropyl cellulose MMA methyl methacrylate PAAc polyacrylic acid PEI polyethyleneimine, PEO/PPO polyethylene oxide/polypyropylene oxide copolymer PVME polyvinylmethylether PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 DMSO dimethylsulfoxide PGA polyglutaraldehyde CMS chloromethylstyrene PMMA-g-OSA polymethylmethacrylate grafted oligostearic acid. 

In this case, ACPC is preferable to 4,4 azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA), since the reaction at... 

RAFT polymerization of two anionic acrylamido monomers sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonate, AMPS, and sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methyl-butanoate, AMBA, (Scheme 29) was conducted in water at 70 °C using 4,4/-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) as the initiator and 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate as the RAFT chain transfer agent [80]. The synthesis was initiated either from one monomer or the other leading to narrow molecular weight distributions in both cases (Mw/Mn < 1.2). 

Monofunctional and difunctional xanthates, shown in Scheme 30, were employed as chain transfer agents in the synthesis of block and triblock copolymers of acrylic acid, AA and acrylamide, AAm PAA-fr-PAAm, PAAm-fr-PAA-fo-PAAm and P(AA-sfaf-AAm)-fr-PAAm [81]. The polymerizations were conducted in aqueous solutions at 70 °C with 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) as the initiator. The yields were almost quantitative,... 

The initiators used in emulsion polymerization are water-soluble initiators such as potassium or ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, and 2,2 -azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Partially water-soluble peroxides such a succinic acid peroxide and f-butyl hydroperoxide and azo compounds such as 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) have also been used. Redox systems such as persulfate with ferrous ion (Eq. 3-38a) are commonly used. Redox systems are advantageous in yielding desirable initiation rates at temperatures below 50°C. Other useful redox systems include cumyl hydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide with ferrous, sulfite, or bisulfite ion. 

The second method (12) uses 4,4 -azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid as the initiator according to the following synthetic scheme ... 

Carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer, mentioned above, was found to have 4-cyanopentanoic acid end-group originating from 4,4,7-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) initiator [32],... 

Different vinyl monomers have also been reported to give block copolymers, in combination with other bifiinctional initiators, provided that the two photolabile groups differ sufficiently in the selective absorption of the light to jwrmit a two-step synthesis. Indeed, an azo-oligoperoxyester has been iM-epared [55] by reaction of hydrogen peroxide with 4,4 -azobis-(4-cyanopentanoic acid chloride) ... 

A polymeric initiator with terminal halogen containing groups can be prepared by using a bifimctional initiator 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid-trichloroacetyl-amide) (ACPT) [142]. When this polymer is irradiated at 436nm in the presence of Mn2(CO)io and the appropriate monomer, block copolymers are obtained [143], according to Scheme 40 ... 

Using miniemulsion polymerization, Gu et al. reported the synthesis of magnetic polystyrene latex and carboxylated magnetic polymer latex [173, 174]. In the lat-ter,carboxyl end groups were provided on the surface of the latex directly from the initiator 4,4-azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA). The average size of the final magnetic particle was 250 nm. 

A better control of the morphology of imprinted composite materials is obtained if the imprinted polymer is grown from a substrate that has been modified with an initiator. A free radical initiator can be attached to a surface either chemically or by adsorption. Schweitz [34] attached 4,4 -azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (6a) using carbodiimide coupling to a fused capillary wall which had been treated with 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane. 

Azobis (cyanovaleric acid) 4,4 -Azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid). See 4,4 -Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid)... 

V-154L. See Benzene, mono-CI0-13-alkyl derivs., distillation residues V-159L. SeeC12-14alkylbenzene V-501. See 4,4 -Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) V-511. See Zinc phosphate V-601. See Dimethyl 2,2 -azobis (2-methylpropionate)... 

Azobis [N-(2-carboxyethyi)-2-methylpropionamidine] tetrahydrate 2,2 -Azobis [N-(4-chlorophenyi)-2-methylpropionamidine] dihydrochloride 4,4 -Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) 1,1 -Azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile) 2,2 -Azobis (N-cyclohexyl-2-methylpropionamide)... 

Azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) C12H16N4O18 Nitrocellulose C12H16O... 

This is achieved by the reaction of the pendant hydroxyl groups with an excess of a bifunctional isocyanate, such as toluene diisocyanate. In the second step, an acid group or hydroxyl group containing an azo initiator is fixed on the modified surface. Two azo initiators, 4,4 -azobis-(4-cyanopentanoic acid) and 2,2 -azobis-(2-cyanopropanol), are bearing the desired reactive functional groups. The process of attaching... 

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