Cyanogen compounds

Among the various compounds containing the CN group which were employed in the war of 1914-18, hydrocyanic acid, phenyl carbylamine chloride and the cyanogen halides, particularly cyanogen bromide, were most widely used. 

Various other compounds containing the CN— radicle were studied towards the end of the war and since that period. Of these, chlorobenzyl cyanide, bromobenzyl cyanide, diphenyl cyanoarsine, phenarsazine cyanide, etc., were used to a considerable extent as war gases. Recently cyanogen fluoride has also been prepared and studied. It is a colourless gas with powerful lachrymatory properties. 

Hydrocyanic acid was discovered by Scheele in 1782. He noted that it was extremely toxic, but it was scarcely used as a war gas 

Only the French used it, and not more than 4,000 tons were employed during the whole war period. 

Hydrocyanic acid may be prepared in various ways by passing electric sparks through a mixture of acetylene and nitrogen, 

---

Sodium cyanide [143-33-9] NaCN, is a white cubic crystalline soHd commonly called white cyanide. It was first prepared in 1834 by heating Pmssian blue, a mixture of cyanogen compounds of iron, and sodium carbonate and extracting sodium cyanide from the cooled mixture using alcohol. Sodium cyanide remained a laboratory curiosity until 1887, when a process was patented for the extraction of gold and silver from ores by means of a dilute solution of cyanide (see Metallurgy, extractive). A mixture of sodium and potassium cyanides, produced by Edenmeyer s improvement of the Rodgers process, was marketed in 1890. 

V. Migrdichian, The Chemistry of Organic Cyanogen Compounds., Reinbold Publishing Corp., New York, 1947. 

Cyaneisen, n. iron cyanide, -kalium, n. potassium ferrocyanide, -verbindungt /. iron cyanogen compound, specif, a ferrocyanide. 

Cyan-verbindung, /. cyanogen compound, -verg tung,/. cyanogen poisoning, -wasser-stoff, m. hydrogen cyanide hydrocyanic acid. 

V. MigridiChian, The Chemistry of Organa Cyanogen Compounds, Reinhold, Publ. Corp., New York 1947. 

Brimer, L. 1988. Determination of cyanide and cyanogenic compounds in biological systems. Pages 177-200 in D. Evered and S. Harnett (eds.). Cyanide compounds in biology. Ciba Foundation Symposium 140. John Wiley, Chichester. 

Under special conditions, such as hot weather followed by a freeze and drought, cyanogenic compounds can accumulate in cherry leaves. Caterpillars such as the Eastern tent czterpi hr,Malacosoma americanum, concentrate the toxic substances further in their bodies. Finally livestock inadvertently ingest their feces and carcasses on pastures or from water tanks. In 2001, this resulted in over... 

The X2L+ state has been observed in the photolysis of various cyanogen compounds in the near and vacuum ultraviolet. The B2 + and -42n states have been seen in the photolysis of cyanogen compounds in the vacuum ultraviolet [Mele and Okabe (692)]. Lifetimes of the A2U and B21 + states have been measured by Jeunehomme (532), Cook and Levy (236), Luk and Bersohn (650), Liszt and Hesser (641), and Jackson (518). These values are given in Table V-12. Quenching of the 02X state has been measured by Jackson (518) and Luk and Bersohn (650). 

Migrdichian. V The Chemistry rtf Orgonit Cyanogen Compounds. Reinhold Publishing Co.. New York. NY. 1047. Chnpi. 9. 

Various methods could be used to reduce the cyanogenic glycosides content in the seed. Wanasundara et al. (1993) investigated the use of solvents extraction as a means to reduce cyanogenic glycosides content of flaxseed meal. They found that extraction of flaxseed with alkanol-ammonia-water/ hexane resulted in enhanced removal of cyanogenic compounds from 41 to... 

Table 12.2 Contents of total cyanogenic compounds in parenchyma tissue and peel of fresh cassava roots (harvested at 11 months after planting at the early and late rainy periods)...

Williams, H. E. Cyanogen Compounds. Edward Arnold and Co., London (1948). 

Davis (1943), 387 4)Mellor (1946), 369-70 5)H.E.Williams, Cyanogen Compounds Their Chemistry, Detection and Estimation , Arnold Co, London (1947), 417pp 6)V.Migrdichian,... 

B. Ignite a portion of the sample in air. Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are produced, and an ash remains. Cyanogen Compounds Passes test. 

Cyanogen Compounds Mix 5 g of sample with 50 mL of water and 2 g of tartaric acid, and distill the mixture, collecting 25 mL of distillate below the surface of a mixture of 2 mL of 1 N sodium hydroxide and 10 mL of water contained in a small flask placed in an ice bath. Dilute the distillate to 50 mL with water, and mix. Add 12 drops of ferrous sulfate TS to 25 mL of the diluted distillate, heat almost to boiling, cool, and add 1 mL of hydrochloric acid. No blue color is produced. Higher Aromatic Hydrocarbons Extract 1 g of sample with 12 mL of cyclohexane in a continuous-extraction apparatus for 2 h. Place the extract in a Nessler tube and a solution of 100 (xg of quinine sulfate in 1000 mL of 0.1 N sulfuric acid in a matching Nessler tube. The extract shows no more color or fluorescence than does the solution when observed under ultraviolet light. 

---