CYANOGEN AND RELATED COMPOUNDS

Formation of Cyanogen (SECTION 233).—(a) From mercuric cyanide.—CAUTION.—Cyanogen is a poisonous gas. Perform the experiment under a hood. Heat in a small dry test-tube over a free flame about 0.5 gram of mercuric cyanide. Ignite the gas generated. Note the unusual color of the different parts of the flame. (Eq.) 

Formation of Potassium Cyanide from Potassium Ferro-cyanide (SECTION 238).—Heat to a high temperature in a porcelain crucible about 1 gram of potassium ferrocyanide. (Eq.) When cold add water, and heat to boiling. Pour off the solution and test for a cyanide according to the next experiment. 

Test for a Soluble Cyanide (Section 240).—To 1 cc. of a dilute solution of potassium cyanide add 5 drops of a solution of sodium hydroxide and 5 drops of a solution of ferrous sulphate heat to boiling, cool, and add dilute hydrochloric acid, drop by drop, until the solution shows an acid reaction. If no color develops add 3 drops of a solution of ferric chloride. Potassium ferrocyanide is formed from the potassium cyanide and ferrous sulphate the ferrocyanide and the ferric salt then form Prussian blue. (Eqs.) 

—It is usually not necessary to add ferric chloride, since the ferrous sulphate contains enough ferric salt to give the reaction. An excess of hydrochloric acid should be avoided since it interferes with the formation of the ferric ferrocyanide. 

Action of Cyanides on the Soluble Salts of Heavy Metals 

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Nicotinic acid and related compounds react with l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in the manner of the cyanogen bromide reaction to yield derivative I, which possibly also decarboxylates at elevated temperature. In alkaline medium this derivative first adds an hydroxyl ion and then undergoes ring opening to yield the colored derivative II. 

Muller, B.L. and Seigler, D.S. (1998) Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides, cyanolipids and related compounds, in Plant Amino Acids Biochemistry and Biotechnology (ed. B. Singh). Decker, New York, pp. 563-609. 

Regulators for inflow and outflow Purely chemical processes in general and related apparatus General electrochemical processes and apparatus Metalloids and their compounds Ammonia, cyanogen, and their compounds Compounds of the alkali metals... 

Methods for the isolation, purification, and characterization of cyanogenic glycosides and related compounds have been reviewed (Brimer, 1988 Brinker and Seigler, 1989,... 

CP is no longer available for hot wire applications as one of its starting materials (cyanogen) is not available due to its hazardous nature and Environmental Protection Act (EPA) restrictions. Bates [20] of RARDE reported a related compound, tetraamine-cis-bis(5-nitro-2H-tetrazolato-N2) cobalt (III) perchlorate (BNCP) [Structure (2.61)] for this purpose in 1986. The synthesis of BNCP has been described previously [240-242] and consists of four steps ... 

Due to homologies in structures and biosynthesis, some minor groups of natural products seem to be related to cyanogenic glucosides. These compounds, i.e. cyanogenic lipids, nitrile- and nitro-compounds, are briefly presented in this chapter. 

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