Cyanobacteria compounds

Photoautotrophs CO2 Light H2O, H2S, S, other inorganic compounds Green plants, algae, cyanobacteria, photosynthetic bacteria... 

In summary, it can be reported that toxic cyanobacteria can produce neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and dermatotoxic compounds that are a direct threat to animal and human water supplies. This threat increases as water bodies become more eutrophic, thus supporting higher production of toxic and nontoxic cyanobacteria. Presence of these potent natural product toxins poses an increasing threat to the maintenance of quality water supplies for agriculture, municipal, and recreational use. 

Indium-mediated allylation of an unreactive halide with an aldehyde132 was used to synthesize an advanced intermediate in the synthesis of antillatoxin,133 a marine cyanobacteria (Lyngbya majus-cula) that is one of the most ichthyotoxic compounds isolated from a marine plant to date. In the presence of a lanthanide triflate, the indium-mediated allylation of Z-2-bromocrotyl chloride and aldehyde in saturated NH4C1 under sonication yielded the desired advanced intermediate as a 1 1 mixture of diastereomers in 70% yield. Loh et al.134 then changed the halide compound to methyl (Z)-2-(bromomethyl)-2-butenoate and coupled it with aldehyde under the same conditions to yield the desired homoallylic alcohol in 80% yield with a high 93 7 syn anti selectivity (Eq. 8.55). 

Juttner, F. (1995). Physiology and biochemistry of odorous compounds from fresh-water cyanobacteria and algae. Water Sci. Technol. 31(11) 69-78. 

Some of the strange bedfellows one finds in natural relationships presumably reflect a multiplicity of interactions. Lichens, for example, consist of fungal units and either algal or cyanobacteria in a symbiotic (possibly a master/slave) relationship. In endosymbiotic relationships, compound organisms are constituted by algae (e.g. the zoochlorella of green hydra, and... 

Sims JJ, Lin GHY, Wing RM (1974) Marine natural products. X. Elatol, a halogenated sesquiterpene alcohol from the red alga Laurencia elata. Tetrahedron Lett 39 3487-3490 Singh S, Kate BN, Banerjee UC (2005) Bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and microalgae an overview. Crit Rev Biotechnol 25 73-95... 

Nagle DG, Paul VJ (1999) Production of secondary metabolites by filamentous tropical marine cyanobacteria ecological functions of the compounds. J Phycol 35 1412-1421 Nagle DG, Camacho FT, Paul VJ (1998) Dietary preferences of the opisthobranch mollusc Stylocheilus longicauda for secondary metabolites produced by the tropical cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula. Mar Biol 132 267-273... 

Neurotoxins, such as saxitoxin and anatoxin-a, have been implicated in mediating competitive interactions between toxic cyanobacteria and other photoautotrophs, but few studies have explicitly examined the allelopathic effects of these compounds (e g., Kearns and Hunter 2001). Although it is reasonable to assume that these compounds bind to algal and cyanobacterial sodium channels in a similar fashion as in vertebrate neurons, support for this hypothesis is currently lacking. 

Several other UV-absorbing compounds have been described as potential photoprotectants in cyanobacteria and algae, but these substances are not as common as MAAs or scytonemin. 

Castenholz RW, Garcia-Pichel F (2000) Cyanobacterial responses to UV-radiation. In Whitton BA, Potts M (eds) The ecology of cyanobacteria. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 591-611 Cockell CS, Knowland J (1999) Ultraviolet radiation screening compounds. Biol Rev 74 ... 

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