2-cyano-4-phenyl

The nematic phase of all the compounds CBn is characterized by a coherence length of about 1.4 times the elongated structure of the molecule. Based on this behaviour local associations in form of dimers with cyano-phenyl interactions were postulated. For the smectic A phase a partial bilayer arrangement of the molecules (SAd) is most likely. But there are also example for the smectic A phase with a monolayer (Sai) or a bilayer (Sa2) arrangement of the molecules as well as a commensurate structure A large number of X-ray measurements were carried out in the liquid crystalline state to clear up the structural richness and variability (see Chap. 2, this Vol. [52]). 

In 1985, Baumeister et al. [113] presented the crystal structure of 4-cyano-phenyl-tran5-4 -[(trfln5-4-n-butylcyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexanoate (CBMC). The molecular structure of this compound is shown in Fig. 22. The molecules... 

From the X-ray data of single crystals, it is possible to obtain information about the intermolecular interactions and the overlapping between the polar groups of neighbouring molecules. In Sects. 2.1.1, 2.1.2 and 2.1.3 the crystal structures of cyanobiphenyls were described. No cyano-phenyl overlapping of type 1 can be observed in the solid state of the compounds. 

In some cases a cyano-phenyl overlapping of type II was found in the solid phase of the cyanobiphenyl compounds (Fig. 30). 

Again two products were obtained from a reactive triplet state with a rate constant for photoisomerization of 2 x 1011. This rate, however, is over six times greater than that obtained for the unsubstituted phenyl derivative and indicates that the p-cyano-phenyl group facilitates reaction by stabilization of the intermediate biradical. 

Variations in retention and selectivity have been studied in cyano, phenyl, and octyl reversed bonded phase HPLC columns. The retention of toluene, phenol, aniline, and nitrobenzene in these columns has been measured using binary mixtures of water and methanol, acetonitrile, or tetrahydrofuran mobile phases in order to determine the relative contributions of proton donor-proton acceptor and dipole-dipole interactions in the retention process. Retention and selectivity in these columns were correlated with polar group selectivities of mobile-phase organic modifiers and the polarity of the bonded stationary phases. In spite of the prominent role of bonded phase volume and residual silanols in the retention process, each column exhibited some unique selectivities when used with different organic modifiers [84],... 

Cyano)(trifluoromethanesulfonoxy)-iodojbenzene or cyano(phenyl)-iodonium triflate... 

Lastly, relevant routine discussions for the elucidation of electronegativity or conjugation effects from 31P chemical data are fairly numerous ubbs. 1966, e to 9 1967, a, n to 14 1968,9 to 12 1969, is> Cyano.) phenyl... 

Although an intramolecular singlet excimer ( Ar ) fluorescence of l,3-bis(4-cyano-phenyl)propan-l-ol was observed in MTHF at r.t., no CR band of l,3-bis(4-cyanophenyl)-propan-l-ol was observed during PR and y-R. An unsymmetrical structure of 1,3-bis (4-cyanophenyl)propan-l-ol does not inhibit Ar formation [112]. Although two Np-chro-mophores have been suggested to form intramolecular Np 2 in l,3-di- 3-naphthylpro-panes , no CR band of 1,3-di-a-naphthylpropane and 1,3-di-l-pyrenyl-propane was... 

Amine Benzyl-(4-cyano-phenyl)-(pentafluoro-ethvl)- ElOa 247 [Pg.715]

N-Allyloxy-6-fluoro-N-(2-imidazo-lyl)-2-ti ifluoromethyl- E16a/1. 296 (OH -> OR) N-(2-Amino-phenyl)-pcntafluoro-E10b2. 458 (E,C6-NH2/Basc) N-(Amino-thiocarbonyl)-pentafluo-ro- ElOb, 617 (F.duct) N-Bcn7oyl-N-( 1 -ethenyl-butyl)-4-trifluoroinethyl- ElOb, 230 [Ar-N = C(Ar) O CII2 CH = CH-Aik A] N-Benzyl-N-(cyano-phenyl)-nitro-tnfluoromethyl- ElOb,. 641 (Cl - NR-Ar)... 

N-(2-Buienyloxy)-6-fluoro-N-(2-imidazlyl)-2-trifluoromcthyl-F16a/I. 296 (Oil -> OR) N-Butyl-N-(4-cyano-phenyl)-nitro-trifluoromcthyl- E10b, 641 (Cl - NR Ar)... 

Table 3.15 Transition temperatures (°C) for some tT ns-l-alkenyl-4-(4-cyano-phenyl)cyclohexanes (74 and 129-139)...

Representative for the Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Amines with Aryl Chlorides using (f-BuljP/Pd (Reproduced with permission from [50]. 1999 American Chemical Society) In a dry box, aryl halide, amine, Pd(dba)j, (t-BuljP, and sodium fert-butoxide were weighed directly into a screw cap vial. A stir bar was added followed by 1.0-2.0 ml of toluene to give a purple mixture. The vial was removed from the dry box, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 5.5 h, the reaction mixture was adsorbed onto sihca gel and chromatographed with 50% toluene/hexanes to give 242 mg (90%) of N-(4-cyano-phenyl)diphenylamine as a white solid. 

The Houk and Borden groups °° ° have collaborated on a couple of important studies to address the effect of multiple substituents on the Cope rearrangement. They examined the effects of cyano, phenyl, and vinyl substituents at various positions on 1,5 -hexadiene. All three substituents give similar results, but only the cyano and phenyl cases will be discussed here. The cyano case was also examined by Staroverov and Davidson, " coming to the same conclusions as presented here but with a slightly different analysis. 

Telluran Cyano-phenyl- E12b, 367 (TeBr3 -v TeBr - Te-CN), 369 (Ar2Te2 + KCN)... 

An alternative to liquid-liquid extraction is solid-phase extraction (SPE). With SPE a liquid sample is introduced into the top of a plastic syringe shape column containing a small amount (often 100- 500 mg) of a selective adsorbent (Figure 8.1). The adsorbents are of the same types as used for HPLC, typically silica, or bonded silica such as Cl 8, C8, C5, C2, cyano, phenyl, diol and ion-exchange materials. The properties of the adsorbents are similar to HPLC columns and so the same principles apply for retention and desorption of analytes. 

Irradiation of optically pure (l/ ,25 )-(+)-cw-chrysanthemol (22) in the presence of dicyanobenzene as an electron acceptor leads to the formation of (/ )-5-(l-(p-cyanophenyl)-l-methylethyl)-2,2-dimethyloxacyclohex-3-ene (23 Ar = p-cyano-phenyl). The success of this reaction depends upon the relief of ring strain which can be rationalised in terms of nucleophilic attack of the radical cation on the terminal carbon of the vinyl group, and simultaneous replacement of the isopropyl radical as an intramolecular leaving group in an 8 2 reaction. 

The photofragmentation of easily accessible 2,2,2-triethoxy-4,5-diphenyl-l,3,2-dioxaphos-pholane-4,5-dicarbonitrile (1) results in the formation of cyano(phenyl)carbene. Reaction of the latter with alkenes leads to 1-phenylcyclopropane-l-carbonitriles 2 in high yield/ ... 

Cyano-l-phenyl- 94, 94. 1122 1-(2-Cyano-phenyl)- 867 l-(3-Cyano-phcnyl)- 867 l-(4-Cyano-phenyl)- 867 Indene... 

---