Cyanide sodium nitrite

Beta blocker Glucj on Cyanide Sodium nitrite Methanol Ethanol... 

Required Aniline, 20 ml. hydrochloric acid, 50 ml. sodium nitrite, 17 g. copper sulphate, 55 g. potassium cyanide, 60 g. 

Mercury(II) cyanide Fluorine, hydrogen cyanide, magnesium, sodium nitrite... 

Other Uses. Other appHcations for sodium nitrite include the syntheses of saccharin [81-07-2] (see Sweeteners), synthetic caffeine [58-08-2] (22), fluoroaromatics (23), and other pharmaceuticals (qv), pesticides (qv), and organic substances as an inhibitor of polymerization (24) in the production of foam blowing agents (25) in removing H2S from natural gas (26) in textile dyeing (see Textiles) as an analytical reagent and as an antidote for cyanide poisoning (see Cyanides). 

Sodium nitrite (NaNOg) is used by emergency medical personnel as an antidote for cyanide poisoning (for this purpose, it must be administered immediately). Based on the discussion of cyanide poisoning in Section 21.10, suggest a mechanism for the life-saving effect of sodium nitrite. 

Dan and Henbesi (ii) demonslraied ihai ihe amount of salts remaining in platinum oxide catalysts had an important bearing on the hydrogenation-hydrogenolysis ratio of allylic functions. Hydrogenolysis is inhibited by salts remaining from the catalyst preparation or by salts such as sodium nitrite, cyanide, or hydroxide added later. 

A. 2-Hydroxyimino-2-phenylacetonitrile. A 1-1., round-bottomed flask is fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a calcium chloride drying tube, a thermometer, and a gas-inlet tube. In the flask are placed 117 g. (1.0 mole) of benzyl cyanide and a solution of 40.0 g. (1.0 mole) of sodium hydroxide in 300 ml. of methanol (Note 1). The resulting solution is stirred and cooled at 0° as methyl nitrite is introduced through the gas-inlet tube, which extends below the surface of the liquid. The methyl nitrite is generated by dropwise addition of a cold solution of 32 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid in 65 ml. of water from a 100-ml., pressure-equalizing dropping funnel into a 300-ml. Erlenmeyer flask containing a suspension of 83 g. (1.2 moles) of sodium nitrite... 

This is the case with nitrites and alkaline nitrates. Sodium nitrite/potassium cyanide mixture has been suggested as a primary explosive for detonators. 

The purpose of sodium nitrite (or amyl nitrite in the absence of IV access) is to produce methemoglobin, which binds cyanide with greater affinity than mitochondrial cytochromes. In the presence of decreased oxygen carrying capacity, as in combined exposures to cyanide and carbon monoxide (e.g., some fires), sodium nitrite can be detrimental and should be avoided. 

See Sodium nitrite Potassium thiocyanate See related metal cyanides... 

Potassium cyanide See Sodium nitrite Metal cyanides... 

Mixtures of sodium nitrite and various cyanides [1] explode on heating, including potassium cyanide [2], potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), sodium pentacyanonitro-sylferrate(II) [3], potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) [4], or mercury(II) cyanide [5], Such mixtures have been proposed as explosives, initiable by heat or a detonator [5],... 

For cyanide and cyanogen, antidote should be administered as soon as possible. The Lilly Cyanide Antidote Kit contains amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and sodium thiosulfate. Cobalt edentate or 4-dimethylaminophenol are alternative antidotes for cyanide poisoning. Benzodiazepines or barbiturates may be required to control severe seizures. 

Mercury(II) cyanide Mercury(I) nitrate Mercury(II) nitrate Fluorine, hydrogen cyanide, magnesium, sodium nitrite Phosphorus Acetylene, aromatics, ethanol, hypophosphoric acid, phosphine, unsaturated organic compounds... 

Undoubtedly sodium nitrite is a vasodilator [1]. This is seen from anecdotal evidence when nitrite is used as an antidote to cyanide poisoning hypotension is a major hazard. However, in ex vivo experiments the effect of nitrite is small but the situation in vivo is more difficult to assess, for reasons that will be clear shortly. It is now generally assumed that nitrite acts as a vasodilator because it can undergo a spontaneous reaction to give NO. The termolecular equation (Eq. (1)) sometimes given for this process is certainly incorrect as termoleculer reactions very rarely occur. 

Antidotes Intravenous sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate, and/or amyl nitrite perles are packaged in the cyanide antidote kit. When possible, treatment with cyanide antidotes... 

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