Current density average

Several boundary conditions have been used to prescribe the outer limit of an individual rhizosphere, (/ = / /,). For low root densities, it has been assumed that each rhizosphere extends over an infinite volume of. soil in the model //, is. set sufficiently large that the soil concentration at r, is never altered by the activity in the rhizosphere. The majority of models assume that the outer limit is approximated by a fixed value that is calculated as a function of the maximum root density found in the simulation, under the assumption that the roots are uniformly distributed in the soil volume. Each root can then extract nutrients only from this finite. soil cylinder. Hoffland (31) recognized that the outer limit would vary as more roots were formed within the simulated soil volume and periodically recalculated / /, from the current root density. This recalculation thus resulted in existing roots having a reduced //,. New roots were assumed to be formed in soil with an initial solute concentration equal to the average concentration present in the cylindrical shells stripped away from the existing roots. The effective boundary equation for all such assumptions is the same ... 

Figure 20.2 Profiles of ionic concentration measured between an anode and a cathode embedded in cement paste after one month of circulating current (average current density 350 mA/m ) obtained by maintaining a potential of the cathode at —850 mV SCE [20]...

Considering the current average state-of-the-art level of specific power density ranging from 300 to 400 mW cm reached for NNM catalysts [33], the improvement of this parameter to levels close to the specific power density of PGM catalysts (more than 700 mW cm [8]) is cmcial on the point of view of the stack size and dimensioning. 

Keywords— Electroencephalogram, Physical fatigue. Current Source Density, Common Average Reference. 

However, it should be noted that most of the EEG studies on physical fatigue is based on the referential EEG data. It has been pointed out by [6] that the referential method may have certain drawbacks since it is dependent on the location of the reference. Thus, it has been suggested using both the Common Average Reference (CAR) method as well as the Current Source Density (CSD) method [7] hand in hand to provide a more complete view of the EEG content. 

In this study, only the eyes closed data will be process. This is because the eyes-closed condition exists immediately after the experimental task has been completed. The EEG recordings obtained at each location is actually dependent on the reference electrode. Montages have been used to remove this reference electrode effect. The Referential (REF) method is compared with both the Common Average Reference (CAR) method as well as the Current Source Density (CSD) method. In order to compute the CSD, the software is downloaded based on the algorithm given by [7]. The formula to calculate the CAR is given by (4)... 

Poynting s vector theorem can be derived from Maxwell s equations as a consequence of power conservation. It shows that the time-averaged power produced by a distribution of currents with density J within volume is given by[l]... 

If equations 2 and 3 are combined, relationships between the average current density J, current I, surface area to be machined A, appHed potential difference, gap width h, and electrolyte conductivity are... 

Current densities cited are average based on racked work, not Hull cell derived. 

The first term in Eq. (3-27) represents the voltage drop between the reference electrode over the pipeline and the pipe surface. The second term represents the potential difference AU measured at the soil surface (ground level) perpendicular (directly above) to the pipeline. Average values of the values measured to the left and right of the pipeline are to be used (see Fig. 3-24) [2]. In this way stray IR components can be eliminated. The third term comprises the current densities where, in the switched-off state of the protection installation, there is a cell current J. In the normal case J = 0 and also correspondingly AU f = 0 as well as = t/ ff On... 

There is a correlation between the average protection current density of the particular measured section... 

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