Curd soap white

Spermaceti Soap.—The genuine spermaceti soap is superior to ail others in emollient properties but it is rarely made from pure stock, owing to the difficulty in saponifying it. As generally vended, it cons [ate of white curd soap, fourteen pounds perfumed with a mixture of attars of bergamot, two and a half pounds, and attar of lemon, eight ounces. 

White curd soap, made from best taJlow .. n., .. 60 lbs. 

Gurd Soaps. —Tallow is largely used in the manufacture of white curd soaps, but cocoa-nut oil sometimes enters into their composition. 

Aqueous soap solutions can be obtained in three distinct forms, the sol form containing the ionic micelle, a clear gel, and a white opaque solid the curd. The sol and gel forms of various soaps have been examined by McBain and his co-workers and shown to differ only in elasticity and rigidity, whilst the electrical conductivity, refractive index, concentration of metallic ion and lowering of the vapour pressure are all identical, results to be anticipated on the fibrillar theory. The gel as we have seen is fibrillar in nature and the conversion of a gel into a curd is brought about by the removal of soap fi om solutions in the form of relatively coarse fibres, a process similar to crystallisation. The experiments of Laing and McBain... 

Have you ever taken a bath in hard water Hard water contains dissolved ions such as Ca and Mg + that diminish the effectiveness of soap. These ions react with soap to form a gray curd that may appear as bathtub ring after you drain the tub. Hard water is particularly troublesome when washing clothes. Consider how your white shirt would look covered with the gray curd from the bathtub and you can understand the problon. Consequently, most laundry detergents include substances designed to remove Ca + and Mg + from the laundry mixture. The most common substance used for this purpose is sodium carbonate, which dissolves in water to form sodium cations (Na ) and carbonate (C03 ) anions ... 

The precipitation of these ions prevents their reaction with the soap, eliminating curd and preventing white shirts from turning gray. 

---