Cupric refining

In principle, Auger/XPS analysis can be used for the determination of valence states of the catalyst components in various stages of reduction and use in the synthesis reaction. These refined analyses are in progress in the author s laboratory and their results will be reported in future communications. At this time the analysis indicates that no cupric ions or zinc metal atoms are present at any stage of reduction or synthesis at temperatures including and below 250°C. 

Jumau s process (ut supra) for the electrolytic extraction of copper from its ores is also applicable to the production of pure copper from solutions of its compounds.8 The cupric sulphite or cupro-cupric sulphite precipitated from the copper solution by the action of sulphurous acid or a sulphide is decomposed by sulphuric acid into cupric sulphate and metallic copper. The metal thus liberated is pressed into a form suitable for an anode, and refined electrolytically. 

Refining by other Methods.—Various other methods are available for the purification of copper. An example is the ready reduction of cuprous chloride by soft iron, a substance without action on cupric chloride. Aluminium slowly reduces a warm solution of cupric sulphate. Vigoroux 4 recommends a method depending on the action of aluminium on a solution of copper in concentrated hydrochloric acid. 

The importance of S bonding has been discussed, and refined values of the spin-spin coupling constant have been given by Jotham and Kettle (374). Table LIV summarizes the available ESR data. An interesting molecule is cupric cyanoacetate, which forms a polymeric species... 

One refiner uses this amount for each 1,000 bbl of capacity. The slurry is prepared in a mix pot or blow case near the reactor. The clay is poured directly from kraft paper bags into a blow case, followed by the cupric chloride and then water. The volume of air required by the process is about 0.5 cu ft per bbl of raw distillate for each 0.01 weight per cent of mercaptan sulfur. The process is suitable for most straight-run and cracked gasolines up to a mercaptan content of 0.04 per cent. 

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