Cumulative measurement

The abundance of lithium in stellar atmospheres presents an important observational constraint to the hydrodynamical models of the outer layers of stars. It can be considered as a cumulative measure of the extent of matter exchange between surface and deeper layers during the stellar evolution. 

Figure 3. Cumulative measurement respirometric system (CMR) (Adapted with permission from reference 1. Copyright 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA).

The participants in this symposium addressed many of these problems. Methods for characterizing size and chemical composition by size were discussed, and several models of metal and virus adsorption were presented. Modeling particulate dynamics in rivers and the ocean provided new insights into the fate of contaminants associated with particulates. Papers on applications of size distribution measurements for selection, process modeling, and control of solid/liquid separation processes demonstrated the analytical value of particle counting compared to cumulative measurements of particulate concentration. 

When the fitted parameters are used to calculate carbon dioxide formation, it can be observed that the proposed model consistently predicts a faster carbon dioxide formation rate than the one observed experimentally (Figure 8.5b). Only towards the end of the experiments does the cumulative measured CO2 become higher than the model predictions. This phenomenon, not noticed in the case of acetone photodegradation, suggests some failure of the kinetic model assumptions. One possible explanation is the... 

What do we pay for when we trade dollars for gasoline Dollars are a cumulative measure of labor and services involved through the whole chain of processes from resource extraction to refining, storage, and transport to the... 

The various terms in the equation are as follows i is the current, n is the number of electrons transferred, F is the Faraday, A is the electrode area, C is the concentration, D is the diffusion coefficient, and t is the time. Thus the technique may be used to estimate, among other things, the charge transport parameter. The reader interested in the solution of the Fick s law equation using the Laplace transformation should consult Ref. 6. A closely related technique is chronocoulometry, in which the excitation function is still the potential pulse, but instead of monitoring the current, the integrated charge is monitored as a function of time. This entails less error as a cumulative measurement is made. The equation for chronocoulometry is... 

Sedimentation balances and (3 back-scattering techniques have been used for the cumulative measurements while sampling (Andreasen pipette method) or the absorption of radiation (photosedimentation or use of X-rays) are most frequently used for the incremental measurements. It seems that the incremental techniques, because of their advantages of easy operation and evaluation, and relatively simple instrumentation, have somewhat wider application. 

Winneokei You can always remove certain data from your set of data, and then say the relation is getting weaker. I wanted to show that you cannot expect a one to one relationship because one is a cumulative measure and one is a point measure. 

Further investigation of PLA biodegradation using the cumulative measurement respirometric (CMR) system (according to ASTM D5338 and ISO 14855-1) showed that the biodegradation of PLA bottles required >30 days buried in a compost pile to achieve 80% mineralization. CMR is a system designed to yield... 

Both cumulative measurement respirometric (CMR) and the gravimetric measurement respirometric (GMR) systems showed similar trends of biodegradation at day 58. 

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