Culture movement

A full appreciation of the importance of positivism in the discipline of the history of science must take into account the complexity and variability of this protean philosophy. Tire term positivism was first used by the Utopian Socialist Saint-Simon to designate the scientific method and its extension to the solution of problems in philosophy and society. Adopted by Auguste Comte in the 1840s, it came to designate a general philosophical and cultural movement which exerted a powerful influence on scholars and intellectuals in Europe and America for over a century. The Positivist Movement found its philosophical inspiration in a blend of empiricism, rationalism and utilitarian philosophies developed in the previous century. Combining positive philosophy with positive polity . 

Marie Meurdrac s Chymie charitable et facile en faveur des dames from 1666 does not belong in this list, because it was not related to the socio-cultural movement from which the works of Algarotti and Du Chatelet emerged. It was a very practical book with home recipes (Raichvarg Jacques 1991, pp. 31-4, 55-7 Van Berkel 1985, pp. 82, 87 Paasman 1971, pp. 41-2). 

The Just Culture movement is an attempt to avoid the type of unsafe cultural values and professional interactions that have been implicated in so many accidents. Its origins are in aviation although some in the medical community, particularly hospitals, have also taken steps down this road. Much has been written on Just Culture—only a summary is provided here. The reader is directed in particular to Dekker s book Just Culture [51], which is the source of much of what follows in this section. 

We use here the term spokesman because Bacon gave voice to a cultural movement that had already begun to develop in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuies—see below. 

Textiles are not only to protect/cover or skin but show self-expression, taste, and personality of the wearer. They can also demonstrate socioeconomic status and cultural movements. Moreover, in the modem fashion world, textiles are highly relied on for their beauty and aesthetic appeal. Recent advancements in wearable devices have extended the functionality of textile materials to smart textiles. Now the term smart textiles is referred to as active or passive depending on the placement of actuators. If the actuator is embedded in the textile, then it is active otherwise is passive. Smart textiles play a key role in our day-to-day life, including the fields of health monitoring, personal trackers, military use, education, home appliances, transportation, gaming, entertainment, and music. Table 9.3 shows the applications of smart/inteUigent textiles to various areas. 

Bio-Tower An attached culture system. A tower filled with a media similar to rachet or plastic rings in which air and water are forced up a counterflow movement in the tower. 

Just as myosins are able to move along microfilaments, there are motor proteins that move along microtubules. Microtubules, like microfilaments, are polar polymeric assemblies, but unlike actin-myosin interactions, microtubule-based motors exist that move along microtubules in either direction. A constant traffic of vesicles and organelles is visible in cultured cells especially using time-lapse photography. The larger part of this movement takes place on micrombules and is stimulated by phorbol ester (an activator of protein kinase C), and over-expression of N-J aj oncoprotein (Alexandrova et al., 1993). 

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