Cultivars/clones

Collections of Jerusalem artichoke cultivars and clones have tended to be scattered and poorly coordinated, resulting in duplication and naming confusions. The following section takes the form of a directory of cultivars, clones, and wild-collected material, giving information (where available)... 

Directory of Cultivars, Clones, and Wild-Collected Material, with Synonyms, and Notes on Origin, Characteristics,... 

Vorveille, L., Vercauteren, J., and Rutledge, D.N., Multivariate statistical analysis of two-dimensional NMR data to differentiate grapevine cultivars and clones, Food Chem., 57, 441, 1996. 

Fischer, T.C. et al.. Molecular cloning, substrate specificity of the functionally expressed dihydroflavonol 4-reductases from Malus domestica and Pyrus communis cultivars and the consequences for flavonoid metabolism Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 412, 223, 2003. 

Haploids can be produced from tetraploid cultivars and breeding clones via parthenogenesis (Hougas and Peloquin, 1957). When a tetraploid is crossed with any of several selected diploid clones, some of the offspring are diploid. In these crosses, both sperm cells from the pollinator enter the central cell, allowing normal endosperm to develop. This stimulates the division of the egg cell in the absence of fertilization, resulting in the production of a haploid (2x) embryo... 

Darmo, E., Peloquin, S. J. (1990). Performance and stability of nine 4x clones from 4x-2x crosses and four commercial cultivars. Potato Research, 33,357-364. 

Table 6-2. Enzymes of the intermediary metabolism induced after application of toxic concentrations of metals. Most of the experiments were performed on Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars, except those who are specially marked, which were performed on Glycine max (1) and on a zinc resistant (2) and a zinc sensitive (3) clone of Silene cucubalus (after Van Assche and Clijsters, 1990b, adapted).

Most cultivars are erect, though a small number are initially prostrate. The prostrate clones begin to grow in an erect manner after a certain number of nodes (i.e., generally the second, third, or fourth node, depending upon the clone) (Pas ko, 1973). 

Wild clones typically have significantly more seed (e.g., 3 to 50 seeds per flower head Wyse and Wilfahrt, 1982 Westley, 1993) than cultivars (0.08 to 0.66 seed). Individual seeds can vary widely in weight (0.8 to 10.8 mg), though the variation in mean weight among clones is relatively small (i.e., 3.5 to 4.8 mg, mean of 4.5 mg) (Swanton, 1986). 

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