Crystalline Dielectric

I. S. Zheludev, Physics of Crystalline Dielectrics, Plenum Press, New York, 1971. 

We have seen that many electronic components, even not specifically produced for cryogenic applications, can be usefully operated at low temperature some of them retain their room temperature characteristics like NiCr resistors which do not appreciably change their resistance (less than 10% upon cooling to 4K) and show a lower noise at low temperature. Other resistors (as RuOz) and most capacitors change their characteristics with temperature. Mica and polyester film capacitors show a good temperature stability. If capacitors insensitive to temperature are needed, crystalline dielectric or vacuum capacitors must be used. 

In the present book, we aim at the unified description of ground states and collective excitations in orientationally structured adsorbates based on the theory of two-dimensional dipole systems. Chapter 2 is concerned with the discussion of orientation ordering in the systems of adsorbed molecules. In Section 2.1, we present a concise review on basic experimental evidence to date which demonstrate a variety of structures occurring in two-dimensional molecular lattices on crystalline dielectric substrates and interactions governing this occurrence. 

On the absorption of light and the trapping of electrons and positive holes in crystalline dielectrics. Physik. Z. Sowjetunion 9, 158 (1936). 

Much attention has been paid to the synthesis of fluorine-containing condensation polymers because of their unique properties (43) and different classes of polymers including polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles, and epoxy prepolymers containing pendent or backbone-incorporated bis-trifluoromethyl groups have been developed. These polymers exhibit promise as film formers, gas separation membranes, seals, soluble polymers, coatings, adhesives, and in other high temperature applications (103,104). Such polymers show increased solubility, glass-transition temperature, flame resistance, thermal stability, oxidation and environmental stability, decreased color, crystallinity, dielectric constant, and water absorption. 

R. Resta (1994) Macroscopic polarization in crystalline dielectrics the geometric phase approach. Rev. Mod. Phys. 66, pp. 899-915... 

COPPER NANOPARTICLES WITfflN AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE DIELECTRIC MATRICES... 

This table lists the thermal conductivity of a number of crystalline dielectrics, including some which find use as optical materials. Values are given at temperatures for which data are available. 

Many of the data published today are either erroneous or apply to inadequately characterized materials. Unrecognized systematic errors are frequently present in the measurement process, and consequently the data do not represent the property purportedly measured within the stated uncertainty. In other instances, the property measured is especially sensitive to unreported characteristics of the material. For example, the transport properties of pure metals and crystalline dielectric solids at low temperatures are determined almost entirely by the physical and chemical defects in them, rather than by their chemical or generic identification, such as copper, aluminum, etc. Great care must be exercised to characterize such materials, if reported data are to have any usefulness. Both the study of systematic errors and specimen characterization are of the utmost importance to the reliability and usefulness of data. This paper only considers the use of standard reference materials (SRMs) to reduce systematic errors in the measuring system. The problem of insufficient material characterization is an extensive subject in itself and will not be discussed further here. 

Investigations of the electrel stale opened up a new technique for studying the mechanism of polarization and absorpikia of charges in amorphous and crystalline dielectrics. The earlier literature on the subject has been reviewed by Gutmann, Pillai et al.. Sessler. and several other workers in the field [3,6-13,101,476.477]. 

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